Foundation Broad Cost Leader Essay

This practice exercise will help you understand the relationships between business strategy, tactics, functional alignment, and the Foundation ® simulation. We will use the Chester Company for this example. (During the practice rounds, each company is assigned a different strategy.) You will execute your plan by inputting the decisions described below. At the same time, your competitors will execute their assigned plans. The practice exercise will take three rounds As each round is processed, you will evaluate the results and then input the next round’s assigned decisions. Upon completion of the practice rounds, the simulation will be reset to the beginning. You can then create and implement your own strategic plan for the actual competition. Executive Summary The Chester team will adopt a Broad Cost Leader strategy, maintaining a presence in both segments. We will gain a competitive advantage by keeping R&D costs, production costs, and raw material costs to a minimum, enabling us to compete on the basis of price. Our Cost Leader orientation will allow us gain a competitive advantage based upon low prices. We will increase automation levels to improve our margins and to make it acceptable to run overtime (which we can also view as a second shift). Vision Statement Low priced products for the industry: Chester brands offer solid value. Our primary stakeholders are bondholders, customers, stockholders and management. Research and Development (R&D) We will keep our existing product line and launch one new product in order to maintain a presence in both the Low Tech and High Tech segments. We will work to keep our products up to date (i.e. Size and Performance) in each segment despite high automation levels. Marketing We will maintain awareness and accessibility. After we establish our cost leadership position we will revisit our situation to decide whether sales and promotion budgets should be reduced or if we should keep pace with our competitors. Our prices will be lower than average. Production We will significantly increase automation levels on all products. However, because automation sets limits upon our ability to reposition products with R&D, we automate more in the slower moving Low Tech segment than in the fast moving High Tech segment. We will prefer overtime to capacity expansions. Finance We will finance our investments primarily through long-term bond issues, supplementing with stock offerings on an as needed basis. When our cash position allows, we will establish a dividend policy and begin to retire stock. We are not adverse to leverage, and expect to keep debt/equity between 2.0 and 3.0. PRACTICE ROUND 1 Follow the decisions below. After the practice rounds are complete and the competition rounds begin, you are free to choose a different strategy; you are not obligated to continue as a Broad Cost Leader. R & D Round 1 Cake – Reduce reliability (MTBF) to reduce material cost. Example: Reduce MTBF from 21000 to 18000. Do not reduce MTBF below 17000 hours, because that is the lower limit of acceptable reliability (MTBF) for High Tech customers. New Product – Launch a new High Tech product, with a project length less than 2 years (no later than December of next year). Example: Name: Cedar (replace the first NA in the list), performance 9.0, size 11.0 and a reliability (MTBF) 20000. 1 Important: Under the rules of the simulation, the names of all new products must have the same first letter as the name of the company. Important: With the exception of the new product, make certain that the projects complete during this year before December 31st. Under the rules, a new project can only begin on January 1st. If these projects do not complete before the end of this year, you cannot begin follow-up projects next year. Perceptual Map from the Research & Development Spreadsheet: Product names in black indicate the product’s current location, names in magenta indicate the product’s revised position (with slight revisions, the names will overlap). Names of newly invented products appear in magenta. Marketing Round 1 Cake – Make moderate price cuts and decrease promotion and sales budgets. Forecast unit sales near last year’s level. Example: Price $33.50, promotion budget $800, sales budget $800. Forecast sales of 1300 units. New Product – Marketing decisions will be made next year when the new product is ready to begin production. Production Round 1 Production schedules will plan for eight weeks of inventory. That is, have enough inventory on hand to meet demand eight weeks beyond the sales forecast. This requires a 15% inventory cushion (8/52 = 0.15). For example, suppose Marketing forecasts demand at 1000, and you have 100 units in inventory. You want 1000 x 115% = 1150 available for sale. Since you have 100 on hand, you would schedule 1050 for production. If you cannot meet demand, sales go to competitors. Therefore, you want to plan for the upside as well as the downside. Your proforma balance sheet will forecast about eight weeks of inventory. You hope that your actual sales will fall between your sales forecast and the number of units available for sale. Schedule production for your existing product using this formula: (Unit Sales Forecast X 1.15) – Inventory On Hand. Cake – Increase automation level by 1.0 point. New Product – Buy 300,000 units of capacity by entering 300 in the Buy Sell Capacity cell. Set an automation level of 3.0. Important: There is a one year lag between purchase and use of new capacity and automation for both new and existing products. 2 Important: Make certain the Cake project completes during this year, before December 31st. Under the rules, a new project can only begin on January 1st. If a project does not complete before the end of this year, you cannot begin follow-up project next year. Finance Round 1 Your fiscal policies should maintain adequate working capital reserves to avoid a liquidity crisis. Working capital can be thought of as the money that you need to operate day-to-day. In Foundation ® working capital is current assets (cash + accounts receivable + inventory) – current liabilities (accounts payable + current debt). If you run out of cash because your sales are unexpectedly weak, an Emergency Loan will be issued. Here are some guidelines to help you avoid an Emergency Loan. Your proforma balance sheet predicts your financial condition at the end of this year. Make conservative sales forecasts. Do not rely on the computer prediction. Override it with a forecast of your own. If you are conservative, it is unlikely that your worst expectations will be exceeded. Next, build additional inventory beyond your conservative expectations. This forces your proforma balance sheet to predict a future where your sales forecast comes true and you are left with inventory. (If you sell the inventory, that’s wonderful.) On the Finance spreadsheet, issue stock, bonds or current debt until the December 31 Cash Position for the upcoming year equals at least five percent of your assets, as displayed on the proforma balance sheet. This creates an additional reserve for those times when your worst expectations are exceeded and disaster strikes. As you gain experience with managing your working capital, you will observe that the guidelines above make you somewhat â€Å"liquid,† and you may wish to tighten your policy by reducing cash and inventory projections. That is fine. The better your marketing forecasts, the less working capital you will require. Match your plant investment with a long-term bond. If you do not have sufficient new bond debt capacity, issue stock to cover the shortfall. Do not pay a dividend. Save decisions (select â€Å"directly to the website†). PRACTICE ROUND 2 R & D Round 2 Cake – Improve positioning and reduce age. Reduce reliability (MTBF) to reduce material cost. Example: Increase Cake’s performance to 6.7, reduce size by 13.0, and reduce MTBF to 17000. New Product – Note that the new product’s row is yellow instead of green, and that you cannot change these cells. This is because your product will not emerge from R&D until its current project completes. Under the rules of the simulation, new R&D projects cannot begin until the old one completes. 3 Marketing Round 2 Cake – Offer a price cut to $32.50. Hold promotion and sales budgets near current levels. Cake will still sell to both Low Tech and High Tech customers. Enter a forecast of 1100. New Product – Price at $44.00, Promotion at $1000, Sales at $1000. Since Cedar won’t be ready to enter production until well into this year, so enter 200 for sales forecast. Production Round 2 Schedule production using the formula: (Unit Sales Forecast X 1.15) – Inventory On Hand Important: As your new product is coming out sometime during the year, you might not be able to use the above formula – new products cannot begin production prior to their revision (release) date. Should the number you enter into the production schedule turn red, reduce the schedule until the red number turns black. Cake – Increase automation by 1.0 or 2.0 points. New Product – Increase automation level, but only by 1.0 points. We will want to begin repositioning it next year in order to keep it fresh for High Tech customers. The higher the automation rating, the more difficult it is to reposition. We must strike a balance between our cost pressure requirements vs. our need to reposition often. FINANCE ROUND 2 Match your plant investment with a long term debt (bond). If you do not have sufficient new bond debt capacity, issue stock to cover the shortfall. Look at the proforma balance sheet, and add together your Cash and Inventory accounts. Apply the following rule of thumb. Keep between 15% and 20% of your balance sheet assets in Cash plus Inventory. You do not care about the mix, but you do want to have adequate reserves to cover unexpected swings in inventory.

Satirical Essay

11/19/12 English III Homelessness has been an issue of much dispute throughout time, regardless of whether it is in present day Portland, Maine or in the ancient city of Rome, Italy. People have been trying to aid the wanderers for a very long time, but clearly, have never found a good solution to the problem. People are sick and tired of walking out of their door in the morning and finding a vagrant, still reeking of alcohol which they purchased with a good Samaritan’s donation, on their stoop.The people fortunate enough to have a home and a good job should not have to suffer when they walk down the street past hobos begging for a few dollars. It is not fair that the wealthy have to interact with the dregs of society on a daily basis. This problem has to be dealt with. That is why I propose that our society is in much need of the program, Clean Up The Streets (CUTS). The program resolves many different aspects of the issue . If the homeless are sent to landfills to collect ca rdboard and other material in which they can build their own houses with, this gets them out of sight of the wealthy.In addition to removing the homeless from our lives, it also aids the environment. With this new program, hobos are given a job in which they remove materials from landfills which they can then use to build shelters with. Yearly, Americans throw away 30. 9 tons of good food; this will make wasteful people feel as if they are actually helping people when they throw away unappreciated food. This also means that there will be plenty of food for the newly housed and employed people. Also, about $1 billion dollars worth of medicine is thrown out each year, so illness will be quelled as well.The new CUTS program is flawless; it resolves the issues of Grinnell 2 vagabondage, employment, and environmental problems. In today’s society, the homeless only get in our way. This is why it is imperative that the CUTS program be accepted. The first step in cleaning up our stre ets is housing the homeless. We can do this without donating half of our yearly salary to some hopeless program that supposedly builds fancy houses for the lesser people. With the CUTS program, all homeless are sent to landfills where they salvage our waste. This is very beneficiary to both arties of society. The primary goal of the CUTS program is to house every single homeless person in America, and we can do this without taxing the rich to give to the poor. They (society’s privileged few) can now feel good about themselves when they throw away their trash, knowing it’s going to a good place. In our current economic state, it is more important than ever to improve employment rates. The homeless are to blame for a good portion of the unemployment rate. If the CUTS program was to be accepted, the unemployment rate would drop, drastically.A secondary goal of CUTS, which goes hand in hand with the other objectives, is to employ the homeless at landfills across America. T heir work would entail searching for waste products. They would only have to salvage 100 lbs of trash a week in order to stay employed and housed. Due to the age of technology, we are learning more and more about our planet. For example, we have learned about how bad America’s gluttony is. With only 6% of the world's population, Americans generate 35% of the trash and consume 35% of the world's resources.With the introduction of the CUTS program, who knows what those statistics will look like in just ten years. The program’s participants will be working, getting free Grinnell 3 food, and also helping save the world in the process. With hundreds of people in their own little community landfills sifting through trash and filth, unimaginable amounts of waste could be reused in the future. The CUTS program could resolve three very current issues if it were to be accepted; homelessness, employment, and environmental problems. Although the flawless solution could be consider ed inhumane, this couldn’t be further from the truth.The humanity comes in because the homeless are not equal to the citizens residing in the upper class, mostly because they do not pay taxes or work. Why should good tax paying people (who work hard for what they have) be forced to give money to people who have nothing and don’t work? Why should those who work hard have to suffer because of the slackers of society? They shouldn’t. They are much better suited working hard, just like the upper class does, and contributing to society, instead of bumming on the streets. Remember, â€Å"one mans trash is another mans treasure†.

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Summary - Assignment Example Despite being poor in economies of scale, the firm has managed to post the highest profit with no harm to the phone brand. The general core competences of Apple are based on focus on people and their spending patterns. Others include development of operating system, graphical software, innovative technological design and the display system. However, specific iPhone core competences are on their operating system, high quality imaging applications, high resolution displays, innovative design, strong supplier market and multi-tasking ability of one phone. Despite many successes that Apple has witnessed, it still faces a number of threats such as the death of Steve Jobs, the HP slate, Google Chrome OS, its lawsuits, Microsoft’s smartphones and the increase Android rise. The mobile phone device has in the recent past to date emerged as the fast paced technology and a basic requirement in America irrespective of the fact that not many people were attracted to it when it was first rolled out in the year 1982. This was triggered by its high price and the bulkiness of the initial models. However, it has become one of the mostly widely accepted technologies all over the world. We have also emerged with a new idea of creating iPhone which was triggered by multitasking ability. This is to be in favor of generation Y is the most technologically savvy. Developing a see-through cell phone will provide a great incentive to multitasking aspect of an iPhone in such a way that one can text and walk at the same time with minimal distraction. Such a model can be viewed in http://futuristicnews.com/iphone-5-commercial-concept/. Students at Penn University conducted a study which proved that the cell phone company was in the early mature stage as result of competition from smartphone firms. The main concern for Apple is how it will protect its market share while at the same time generating high revenue. Apple

ONGC's growth strategy case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ONGC's growth strategy case analysis - Essay Example OVL on its part, made offshore investments in Russia, Vietnam and Sudan, apart from acquiring project contracts in other countries. During the years 2002 and 2003, ONGC went in for major financial restructuring, pre-paying all the expensive foreign loans, investing in latest technology and acquiring foreign assets. Corporate plans project a production increase of 16% and a net profit margin of 27% by 2003-04. Plans are afoot to enter into insurance, shipping and power production, but the government does not support these ideas. Thus, ONGC’s key concerns for 2003-‘04 are heavy capital investments, regaining growth in production volumes and discovering new reserves. Its top management, headed by Mr. Subir Raha, CMD, is well recognized for strong and proactive management style. Its management structure is organized region-wise in line with its exploration and production operations, and each regional headquarters has freedom of action and accountability – a trait of the management style of its CMD. Oil and gas exploration was a government monopoly till the sector was opened up for private investment in 1998 by a policy called the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP). International companies are now allowed to bid for exploration either alone or in association with local industrial houses, on production sharing basis (with the government). Cairn Energy, Reliance, Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation and Videocon are some of the new players in the market, with the first three named having already succeeded in major gas finds and associated oil reserves. Plans are under implementation for nation-wide gas pipeline grids and they pose a direct challenge to ONGC’s gas business, in times to come. Till 1st April 2002, government controlled the prices of petroleum & product after which the administered price mechanism (APM) was dismantled. ONGC with its strong investment

Liturgy Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Liturgy Religion - Essay Example Reading the verses from the Gospel has been a tradition observed by the churches for centuries, where it is performed while standing at the seats, though the Bible is listened to by the people attending Liturgy while sitting on their seats It has frequently been witnessed that churches follow different religious traditions while delivering sermon during liturgy; sometimes, the priests deliver sermons, called homily, by concentrating upon the verses recited from the Gospel (Chadwick, 1975, p.259) . Similarly, many a times, the priests select the verses from one or more of the sixty two Books of Holy Bible to include in the church service as homily. Although the church ministers and priests had established the church decorum in the aftermath of Paul’s first letter to the church of Corinth (Latourette, 1975, p.196) , yet apostles and saints had not defined one specific rule to be applied related to homily. Consequently, both these traditions are followed by the ministers and prie sts at the churches. ... Consequently, homily in the UK churches contains the parts of Gospel already read by the attendants while standing. The supporters of applying the verses from Gospel in homily are of the opinion that since Eucharist is not complete without Gospel reading, and thus reading the same is compulsory and mandatory, continuation of the identical part of the Holy Scripture would be beneficial in understanding the verses already studied en masse earlier. Secondly, it is actually the Gospel, which could be stated to be narrating the sacred life of Jesus Christ, which the Old and New Testaments are unable to give account of. Moreover, being the sum of the message of the Christian Faith, according to Damascene, and especially the good news that Christ has saved mankind from the eternal consequences of sin, that He has overcome the central problem of the world—death, both bodily and spiritual—by means of His Incarnation, Death, and Resurrection, all have been described in the four b ooks of Gospel (2009, p.223)5. Since the is no other source more authentic, powerful and accurate than the Gospel, which could provide a detailed account of the life, sayings and journeys attributed to Christ, reading the same is the best possible way of communicating Christ’s holy message to his followers (Littleton, 2001, p.106)6. For instance, the Bible is unable to provide a detailed overview of the Sermon on the Mount, on which the foundation of the basic moral teachings of Christian faith is erected. Hence, the Christians have to consult chapter 5, 6 and 7 from the Gospel of Matthews7 in order to get acquainted with the sacred message the Holy Christ has communicated to entire humanity. Furthermore, it is Gospel that elucidates his noble mission, astounding miracles,

Life as a midwife (personal writing) Coursework

Life as a midwife (personal writing) - Coursework Example I was immediately roused from slumber and tried to grope for light from my bedside table. The clock ticked 2:05. Someone needs me! I rushed to peek through the hole who was bashing at this wee hour of the morning. I recognized my neighbor, Michael, a young adult barely out of his teens, who reportedly married his beautiful sweetheart, Christine, also in her teens because she was already three months’ pregnant then. Seems just like yesterday, I realized, six months have passed and it must have been the right time for the baby to come. â€Å"Sorry to disturb you madam but the baby is coming! Christine is in labor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Michael quipped. â€Å"Ok, I will be right there!† I replied. As I rushed to get my delivery equipment that is always prepared and ready. It only took me less than 5 minutes to put on a jacket on top of night clothes and don a slip on to prod me on my way. I knew the house as I pass there practically everyday. I give Christine her much needed and regular prenatal counseling to prepare her for the anticipated delivery of their first child. As I entered, the house was well lit and warm due to the intense feeling and emotions of the residents. Despite its meager surroundings, the atmosphere exuded of warmth, love and affection as if enveloping every visitor with an affectionate embrace. There was an aroma of coffee brewing by the kitchen door, supposedly where Michael was patiently waiting before the family decided to call me. Christine’s mother was at her bedside trying to comfort her, providing a wet, damp cloth to wipe her perspiration. When I arrived, Christine was already fully dilated. She was in intermittent pain and trying to keep her voice down as I prepared everything needed for the delivery. A midwife needs to be effective and competent in approach and in ensuring that the health of both the mother and the newborn child are not compromised. The delivery process was fast, precise and efficient. Before 3:00 a.m. , both Michael and Christine are proud parents of a healthy and equally beautiful baby girl. The small, crisp cries from the newborn reverberate through the silence of the night. Proper procedures were followed to clean and prepare the endorsement of the fragile baby to her proud mother, who was tired but obviously very happy and relieved. Michael was likewise pleased and beaming father assisting Christine to a more comfortable state with clean clothes being worn and freshly washed flowery beddings changed to ease both mother and baby to a blissful sleep. Life of a midwife is challenging but rewarding. I got the chance to remunerate on the training I had to go through as well as the role and responsibilities of my profession. According to NHS, â€Å"midwives often describe their job as 'privileged'. The role they have in preparing women for the delivery of new life makes them a vital presence during all stages of pregnancy, labour and the early postnatal period† (par. 1). Dur ing my training, I recognized the significant role of midwifes in child delivery in the United Kingdom (UK) where 75% of births have been acknowledged to have their physical presence (Giving Birth Naturally, par. 2). Because of the primary importance of midwives’ competencies in antenatal, labor, postnatal and neonatal care, the training and compliance with the pre-registration courses are required. I clearly remember my application to the

Financial services ( Derivatives ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial services ( Derivatives ) - Essay Example In United Kingdom, derivatives can be traded by two methods: either through an over-the-counter (OTC) or organised exchange. The exchange traded derivatives market is controlled by Chicago Mercantile Exchange and Euronext.LIFFE that is based in London. Exchange traded derivatives are always bought and sold in an exchange setting that is totally regulated and transparent. On the other hand, OTC exchanges takes place when trader prefer to trade directly with each other. Between both types of trade, there are two main differences: Firstly, exchange traded contracts increases liquidity. Secondly, traders enter into a contract through the exchange clearing house which gives them a guarantee that the contract will be adhered to. Over-the-counter trade do not have that lavishness because there is always the risk that one of the contractors will fail to honour the original agreement thereby going into liquidation (Reid, 2013, p.1). This paper will focus on the list of bank and companies maki ng losses from using derivatives and what are the risks and benefits of different types of derivatives contracts. Bank and Companies Exposed to Losses There are some banks and companies which are exposed to losses due to derivative contracts. ... The financial disorder with its rigorous liquidity and credit crunch seemed to detain to financial markets and institutions in the UK. It resulted in the failure of the key businesses, downturn in the economic activity and reveals a quick drying up of liquidity following a huge expansion in credit issued to consumers and financial institutions. Metallgesellschaft AG engaged in a wide range of activities from engineering to trade and mining and financial services. The firm was exposed to large derivatives related losses at its U.S. oil subsidiary which is known as Metallgesellschaft Refining and Marketing. It had accounted a loss of $1 billion. Metallgesellschaft AG losses were attributed to its wrong hedging program. Risk of Derivative Contracts Risks associated with derivatives are market risk, credit risk, counterparty credit risk, transparency risk, legal risk and basis risk. Counterparty Credit Risk It is the risk that a party to a derivative contract will be ineffective to perfo rm on its obligation. AIG tinted weakness in the supervision of counterparty risk and thus less clearable, OTC derivatives. AIG’s counterparties had decided to only require collateral to cover counterparty risk of American International Group if AIG were downgraded. When American International Group did experience the difficulties simultaneous liquidity squeeze and collateral calls at AIG resulted in its ultimate bail-out to evade systemic outcome. Posting to collateral either through upfront margins or mark-to-market margins is used to minimise counterparty risk to which they are exposed (Fsa, 2009, p.5). Transparency Risk The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers tinted that positions and disclosure of firms in OTC derivative market were

Charity and Technology Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Charity and Technology Paper - Essay Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Investment Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Introduction The following paper includes the discussion about the preparation of Smartphone application for the purpose of raising funds for a charity named CRY (Child Rights and You). The paper includes the description of the smart phone application and the description of its functionalities. The paper also discusses about the marketing mix and the marketing process that will be used in order to promote the product or application for raising more and more funds for the Charity. The paper also includes the STP process to be applied for the application and the environmental analysis for the evaluation of existing environment. CRY CRY is a nongovernmental organizations working for the development and rights of poor children who are the victim of illiteracy, malnutrition, and social menace and so on. The main obj ective of CRY is to bring the attention of society towards these suffering children and gather funds to help them financially and provide them food and shelter and also work towards eradicating this condition of poor children. Product Smartphone application The Smartphone application to be prepared by the programmer will be related to the communication platform which will provide quick access to different social networking websites and allow individuals to use the application for chatting on these websites using the Smartphone. Due to the wide popularity of the social networking websites and high trend of people accessing them on their Smartphone’s, the application will be highly used by people around the globe. The application once used will pay some amount of funds for the charity from the individual registering for the application. It will also pay some part of the monthly charges that the user will pay for using the application. There will also be an option for direct don ations to the charity (Harty 2009). The application will also include the video chat feature which will help to popularise the application. The application will also include direct links related to the charity CRY, and on every start up of the application an advertisement of the charity will be flashed in order to promote individuals for giving donations to the charity. The Smartphone application will also include the feature of direct access to the CRY website and different videos and pictures will be flashed on the

Leadership Matrix and Decision Making Assignment

Leadership Matrix and Decision Making - Assignment Example Assessment of leadership through decision-making ability is a complex and sensitive activity, which can be done through appropriate questioning and drawing leaders’ viewpoints and plans of action in different scenarios. Following is a set of questions with all possible answers/options that different leaders may choose with respect to areas requiring critical decision making such as delegation of authority, involving group members in a decision-making process, and focus on driving results. Based on these questions and the matrix, leaders scoring highest on option-a (strongly agree) can be termed as effective decision makers. These leaders possess good people management skills; they motivate people through involvement in the decision-making process; they create accountability for decisions made. These leaders maintain the integrity and set the right example to the group members by doing the right thing. Servant leadership is more of service than of leadership itself. Such leaders are committed to people through their work, and fully accept their responsibility and accountability for their job. These leaders tend to be highly transparent in their views, possess great willingness to learn, and possess the high sense of honesty and integrity. These leaders value the differences that may exist and work in collaboration with the group. These leaders work proactively towards their vision. Servant leaders possess the insight and ability to make important decisions, allocate resources and decision making authority by empowering others to act for the betterment of people and the organization. Their focus on relationships helps them gain the better understanding of their people, which in turn ensures appropriate empowerment. These leaders are self-motivated, and they bring a lot of emotions in their surroundings to build a strong team for the organization. Servant leaders believe in inclusive working style, i.e. they involve other members of the group in critical areas of work.

This Fleeting World A short History of Humanity Essay Example for Free

This Fleeting World A short History of Humanity Essay Humanity is consistently and always evolving to meet there needs and demands. Humanity will have to evolve to changes in the environment and society. It has survived many problems in the past and it has changed for the better from those experiences. Humans have lived extreme times in earth’s history such as the last ice age and the bubonic plague. And so they have adapted to these events and have gained experience and evolved for the better. One main ideas of this book is this book is that mankind is always changing to be more efficient and to adapt to different events. The author writes of many events in worlds history such as the world wars and epidemics that have killed millions of people. And because of these events humans have to find vaccines/cures to dieses and create new types of technologies. So we have found solutions and advanced for the better of mankind. This proves the idea that humans are consistently evolving and changing. This idea is connected to modern times for example we develop and release new techonologies such as phones and computers on a weekly basis. Another main idea of this book is that can not keep up with the demands of its all people consistently. And so will go through periods of collapse and great hardships. As stated in the text the historian says â€Å"Humanity will never be able to fulfill the demands of its entire people† This is true as we do have the resources to provide for all of the world’s people. And so we go through periods of collapse like the great depressions. During this time many people lost their jobs and many families went hungry. This was a horror but we were able to recover and prosper once again proving that mankind is always evolving to meet demands. And finally the last main idea of this book is that agriculture has allowed for people to focus on other things then food. The author writes about how once agriculture was discovered people were able to learn new things and have different jobs then to just all be farmers. This is because there will be enough food provided to people so they do not have to grow it themselves. This time period was called the agrarian era. So the time of the foragers was over and now was the time of the agrarians. And so mankind was able to advance and become much greater. This applies to us because we have learned more effective ways to farm so are able to produce more crop. In the book it is stated that humanity will never be able to keep up with the demands of its entire people. This is relevant in much of world like in Africa. Mostly of the people there live in extreme poverty with very little food and drinking water. The GPD per captia of Africa is 1,200 US dollars. This is very insignificant amount of money to be able to raise a family with. And there is little hope of a better future for many. Also in many other third world countries such as India is very crowded and the population of is plagued by lack of fresh drinking water. And so these modern day events are relevant to the idea that humanity will never be able to keep up with the demands of its people.

Strategies of Financial Forecasting at Strident Marks

Strategies of Financial Forecasting at Strident Marks Financial Forecasting Role of Financial Statements Forecasting The role of financial statement forecasting at Strident Marks is to provide expected future financial statements based on conditions that management expects to exist and the action it expects to take. These statements offer financial managers insight into the prospective future financial condition and performance of the company. Financial statement includes income statement and balance sheet. (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008) Development of Income Statement Forecast The income statement forecast is a summary of a Strident Marks expected revenues and expenses over some future period, ending with the net income for the period. The sales forecast is the key to scheduling production and estimating production costs. The detailed analysis of purchases, production based wages and overhead costs helps to produce the most accurate forecasts. The costs of good sold are forecasted on the basis of past ratios of cost of goods sold to sales. Following this the selling, general and administrative expenses are forecasted. The estimates of these expenses are fairly accurate because they are generally calculated in advance. Usually, these expenses are not sensitive to the changes in sale, specifically to the reduction in sales in the very short run. After this other income and expenses along with interest expenses are estimated to obtain the net income before taxes. Next to this income taxes are computed based on the applicable tax rate, which is then deducted to arrive at estimated net income after taxes. All of these are then combined into an income statement. Anticipated dividends are deducted from profit after taxes to give the expected increase in retained earnings. This anticipated increase need to agree with the balance sheet forecast figures that are developed next. Development of Balance Sheet Forecast To prepare balance sheet forecast for a particular period say for June 30, Strident Marks utilizes the balance sheet of the previous December 31. Receivables at June 30 can be estimated by adding to the receivable balance at December 31, the total projected credit sales from January through June (for which the estimation is done) and deducting the total projected credit collection for the particular period. Forecasting Assets: In the absence of cash budget, the receivable balance can be estimated on the basis of a receivable turnover ratio. This ratio, which depicts the relationship between credit sales and receivables, should be based on past experience. To obtain the estimated level of receivables, projected credit sales are simply divided by the turnover ratio. If the sales forecast and turnover ratio are realistic, the method will produce a reasonable approximation of receivable balance. The estimated investment in the inventories for a particular period may be based on the production schedule, which in turn is based on the sales forecast. This schedule should represent expected purchases, the expected use of inventory in the production and the expected level of finished goods. On the basis of this information along with the beginning inventory level, an inventory forecast can be made (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008) Estimates of future inventory can be based on an inventory turnover ratio, instead of the use of production schedule,. This ratio is applied in the similar manner as for the receivables, except that now we solve for the ending inventory position. Inventory Turnover Ratio = cost of goods sold (Ending) Inventory Future net fixed asset are estimated by adding planned expenditures to existing net fixed assets and subtracting from this sum the book value of any fixed assets sold along with depreciation during the period. Fixed assets are fairly easy to forecast because capital expenditure are planned in advance. Forecasting Liabilities and Shareholder Equity: for instance if the company wants to estimate the liabilities for June 30, the accounts payable are estimated by adding the projected purchases for January through June and deducting total projected cash payments for purchases for the period to the balance of December 31. The calculation of the accrued wages and expenses is based on the production schedule and the historical relationship between these accruals and production. The shareholders equity at June 30 will be equity at December 31 plus profits after taxes for the period minus the amount of dividends paid. Generally cash and notes payable (short term bank borrowings) serve as balancing factors in the preparation of forecast balance sheets, whereby assets and liabilities plus shareholders’ equity are brought into balance. Once all the components of the balance sheet are estimated, they are combined into a balance sheet format. (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008) Importance of Financial Statement Forecast The information that goes into a cash budgets can be used to prepare forecast financial statements. Financial mangers can make direct estimates of all the items on the balance sheet by projecting financial ratios into the future and then making estimates on the basis of these ratios. Receivables, inventories, accounts payable and accrued wages and expenses are frequently based on historical relationships to sales and production when a cash budget is not available. Forecast statements allow us to study the composition of expected future balance sheets and income statements. Financial ratios are computed for analysis of the statements; these ratios and the raw figures may be compared with those for present and past financial statements. Using this information, the financial manager can analyze the direction of change in the financial condition and performance of the company over the past, the present and the future. If the firm is accustomed to making accurate estimates, the preparation of a cash budget, forecast statements or both forces it to plan ahead and to coordinate policy in the various areas of operation. Continual revision of these forecasts keeps the company alert to changing conditions in its environment and in its internal operations. In addition, forecast statements can even be constructed with selected items taking on a range of probable values rather than single point estimates. (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008) Comparison between financial statement forecasting process and budgeting process The budgeting process starts with forecasting of future income statements. These statements are made on monthly or weekly basis and may stretch for twelve months in the future. Both budgeting and forecasting are important management tools that we use to anticipate needs and avoid crisis. (Laura, 2000) Budgeting process gives us information about only the prospective future cash position of the company, whereas forecast statements embody expected estimates of all assets and liabilities as well as of the income statement items. The key differences between budgeting process and forecasting are as follows: The budget obtained by budgeting process is generally more detailed than a forecast. Expenditures are more specifically matched to sources of income in a budget than in a forecast. Budgeting is a tool for management to achieve the objectives, whereas, forecasting is a used by management to formulate the budget. Budgeting is related to future definite period only, whereas, forecasting is related to past, present and future for pure estimation. Budgeting is dependent on forecasting but forecasting is not dependent on the budgeting. The preparation of budgets ids essential to achieve the production targets but the forecasting is essential to prepare a business budget. Budgets are quantitative, whereas, forecasting is qualitative in nature. Budgeting is a business process for management whereas forecasting is a mental process for management. The success of budgeting is dependent on sound forecasting whereas, success of forecasting is dependent on proper use and analysis of scientific and statistical methods. Budgeting process starts after forecasting while the forecasting is a pre process of budgeting. Budgeting is a standard itself whereas forecasting helps in preparing budget as a standard. Budgeting highlights the whole business while the forecasting helps the budget to highlight the business. (Khan, Jain, 2002) References Horne, J.C., Wachowicz, J.M. Bhaduri, S.N. (2008). Fundamentals of Financial Management. Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Khan, M.Y. Jain, P.K. (2002). Financial Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. Laura, E. (2000). Budgeting for the Future: Why Firms Need to Forecast and Budget Their Cash Flows. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from http://www.allbusiness.com/accounting-reporting/budget-budget-forecasting/622015-1.html

History of Still-Life :: Visual Arts Paintings Art

History of Still-Life Flanders C16- Installed quite religious and common settings into the pieces, the extremely detailed oil on canvas works were often home to kitchen-like objects and utensils. Different foods such as cabbages, fish and hares were used especially to capture reflection from the surrounding light, thus creating a very real, almost touchable effect. Drink glasses were layered repeatedly to produce a realistic transparency; yet another method in generating such detailed realism in the piece. Dutch C17-In this period, the artists had not completely cast off and thrown away any such relation to religion; they just concentrated sorely on the idea of symbolism and reflection of light. To a modern-day viewer, the still-life would appear to be an assortment of strange objects placed on a wooden table. But to the seventeenth- century Dutch observer, the paintings conveyed the theme of vanitas: objects that symbolized the vanity of worldly things and the brevity of life. The skull and bones refer to death, the books and writing instruments to excessive pride through learning, and the fragile glass goblet of wine to temporary pleasure. A golden cup on its side would suggest immoderate wealth, and a man smoking a pipe displays idleness. The obsessive layering of oil paints by the artists was their way of creating accuracy and perfection. As modern day people have found, the pigments suspended in the oil paints, which have lasted until current years have slowly turned brown, and therefore have demanded attention in the form of cleaning. France C18-19- Adopting basically the same principle of painting, although lesser applied, Jean Simà ©on Chardin, a self taught artist situated in Paris acquired his acclaimed reputation as still life’s foremost artist. Self-taught, his thick, rather textured technique suited every middle and capital class (bourgeoisie (who made the French revolution and Impressionism)) household. Many pieces were minuscule, and all his pieces showed off his skills as an artist. Elevating to look at such as â€Å"The Jar of Apricot† and â€Å"The Ray† (1758), the depth and use of reflections were mesmerising and peaceful. Paris turn of C20-This was the phase when artists really started to adopt new styles to express there ideas. Braque, Picasso, Cezanne, Picasso and Matisse were the fore founders, innovating cubism, block colours, experimental studio time, and a different way of perceiving art by twisting the laws of perspective. Now artists would churn out many more pieces, for now, no longer would apiece take months and months to complete. Particular pieces of the above artists’ work include: â€Å"Lemons against a Fleur De Lys background† (Matisse-1943), â€Å"Still Life with a Chair Caning† (Picasso 1911-12), and â€Å"Still-life with a Plaster Cupid† (Cezanne-1895).

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare :: Romeo and Juliet Essays

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Acts 3 scene 1 of the play is a turning point. How important are the events of this scene to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet At the beginning of the play the audience already know the plot, from the prologue. The prologue describes the two lovers to be, quote: 'star-crossed lovers', luck will influence the events. Their love leads to death, quote: 'death marked love' this tells us that Romeo and Juliet are going to die, but in the first two acts, the actions of the play seem to be positive and encouraging because Romeo and Juliet first sight each other at the Capulet's ball, they fall in love, start to meet up secretly after the ball, get married without telling anyone and start planning their future together. In the space of twenty-four hours all these things have happened. In act 3 scene 1 the power of chance causes two deaths. The death of Mercutio, Romeo's best friend and Tybalt, a close relative of the Capulet's. This was caused because the Montague's gatecrashed the Capulet's ball and Tybalt wanted to teach Romeo a lesson for gate crashing the Capulet's ball. Tybalt didn't intend on killing anyone but he ended up killing Mercutio because Mercutio was defending Romeo's honour. When Romeo had realised that Tybalt had killed Mercutio from wounding him, he went after Tybalt and killed him. After this the audience know that Romeo and Juliet will not be able to be happy because Romeo will be banished from Verona which means he can never come back to Verona and the Capulet's will never let Romeo and Juliet be together because he killed Tybalt a close relative. At the beginning of act 3 scene 1 Benvolio wants to leave because the Capulet's are abroad and the prince said, quote: 'If ever you disturb these streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace' this is said at the beginning of act 3 scene and is saying that if ever another fight is caused then they all will be banished from

Baron Von Steuben :: essays research papers

The Prussian Baron von Steuben, being a newcomer to the Revolutionary cause in America, was in a position to see many of the deficiencies in military discipline and their causes. The reasons for his unique insight may have been due to the fact that he was distanced from the revolutionary ideals in America, and as a result, was able to better observe and understand them; and ultimately use them to shape his new and successful form of discipline in the Continental Army. Most of the commanders of the Continental Army, from the commander in chief to the lower officers had subscribed to the traditional European method that relied on fear to achieve discipline. This method of fear was probably not essential, and had little if any effect in the early days of the war because the soldiers were mostly fighting for their own ideologies. To the soldiers, the commanders were of little importance. The soldiers were going to fight their own fight, and leave the battle when they felt it necessary. The soldier saw himself as a volunteer, a citizen fighting in a group of citizens, and as a result did not respond well to the traditional forms of discipline. The soldier knew it wasnÕt necessary for him to serve, and he knew that he would not be looked down upon for not serving or leaving the army by his fellow revolutionaries. He had the freedom to chose how he wished to serve the revolution, and military service was not an obligation. One aspect of the traditional European system that Baron von Steuben felt needed change was the relationship between the officers and the soldiers. Officers in the Continental Army felt it was necessary to distance themselves from the common soldiers, as an officer had an obligation as a gentleman as well. This division was along social lines, and by separation, the officers felt the common soldiers would show even greater respect. Royster describes this accurately by saying that the officers tried Òto make themselves haughty objects of the soldiersÕ awe.Ó (215) Steuben did several things to put the officers and the soldiers on common ground. First, sergeants were no longer to do the training and drilling of soldiers. Officers were encouraged to train, drill, and march with their soldiers. They were also encouraged to eat with the common soldiers as well, whenever possible. The officers needed to show love of the soldiers to earn their respect, and in doing this the officers needed to set themselves as an example to the soldiers by overachieving, rather than distancing themselves and underachieving in the eyes of the soldier. Before Steuben arrived, the forms of drills, training, and discipline in the

Article “Cradle-to-cradle: the next packaging paradigm?” Essay

In his article â€Å"Cradle-to-cradle: the next packaging paradigm? † David Newcorn suggests three entirely new strategies for packaging items—strategies which may at first instigate eyebrows to rise. On closer look, however, Newcorn’s suggestions may indeed live up to one of its goals: to arrive at a packaging strategy conducive for the environment. Newcorn has three objectives in mind in order to achieve such an end: use more packaging materials, not less; design the best package possible instead of designing with the cheapest materials without worrying about per-package cost, and; ‘littering’ can help the environment. But how are these supposedly ‘environmental threats’ do the exact opposite of further degrading the environment and contribute to the crusade for the strengthening of the environment through strategic and environmentally friendly packaging schemes? In order to arrive at a better understanding of Newcorn’s suggestions, it is equally important to note that what separates Newcorn’s suggestions from the rest is that the suggestions actually target the possibilities of the future. By offering three distinct strategies which may at first seem threatening to the environment, Newcorn turns the table around by citing examples of ‘what if’s’, possible situations which have a high probability of being real sometime in the future. For the moment, however, the efficiency of Newcorn’s suggestions seems to hang in the balance for a few good reasons. First, Newcorn suggests that by using more packaging materials instead of less, we can actually save the environment from being harmed because sometime in the future there will be ice cream wrappers which turn into a ‘biosafe liquid’ or foam food containers which contain essential nutrients which revitalize the earth’s topsoil, for instance. While the prospects for his suggestion are noble, it can hardly be denied that the possibilities remain to be seen. Newcorn even admits that the possibilities are yet to be obtained. If the possible elements in the illustrations he has elaborated in his article remain to be seen, then there is little reason to believe that manufacturers of these products should immediately adopt the strategies he offers. The same goes for the designers who have the same inclinations as Newcorn. In current times, using more packaging materials or ‘littering’ the environment with these materials is only effective in theory. At the least, designers can hardly deny the fact that the current environmental measures being taken all around the world are in startling contrast to Newcorn’s suggestion precisely because the environmental problems which beset the modern societies are the result of piles and piles of garbage produced on a daily basis. What Newcorn’s suggestions give the designers, however, are insights into the future. Although the situations he has given in his article are possibilities, they nevertheless give designers a glimpse of what the future may look like. Given these brief future sketches of packaging strategies, designers cannot simply dismiss the thought that Newcorn’s suggestions are worth the efforts of being studied. Both scholars and designers concerned in the packaging sector may very well agree that there is more than what meets the eye in Newcorn’s assumptions. Technical and biological nutrients may indeed soon take over the packaging materials used in products. Science and technology are constantly evolving and are relentlessly seeking new methods and designs to improve the materials we use daily in the larger effort to preserve the environment. Recycling packages which may soon be eco-effective without the downside of degrading the quality of the packages for commodities is another thought worth pondering (Bendor, Terry and Kenneth, p. 175). Newcorn, however, may be correct in insisting that a large amount of history involving packaging materials should have to be beaten first before anything else of the efforts to resort to recycling and using eco-effective packaging materials can be fully achieved. Much of what companies do in order to sustain their operations is to use whatever is cheaper and more efficient in the market. The fact that bottling companies for soft drinks have relied â€Å"less and less on bottles and more and more on cheap and recyclable aluminum cans as containers (Banks, p. 72)† suggest that money-making ventures may find it difficult to fully adjust and align their packaging strategies according to what Newcorn’s assumptions for the future. Any designer involved in the packaging sector will think that the problems which beset the environment also have consequences on their part and to the rest of the world. Newcorn’s efforts serve as a model not only for the big companies under the packaging sector but also for the average citizen. However, Newcorn’s suggestions face the direct criticism of failing to obtain in the contemporary time which is in deep need of innovations in packaging strategies. It may be high time for designers in the packaging industry to settle down and think of other innovative ideas which will provide ways to counter and prevent environmental problems brought by wastes from packages which are also attainable in the soonest possible time. The future of the environment is indeed filled both with good prospects that are hanging and with contemporary as well as previous problems in terms of garbage from packaging materials which pose problems which cannot be easily set aside for the benefit of acquiring more profit. It is logical enough to presume that the future does not promise anything clear. Yet it would also be absurd to assume that nothing can be done to anticipate and, hopefully, resolve the current environmental problems and the future environmental hazards both at the same time. Newcorn’s suggestions may still lack its applicability in contemporary times. However, the effects and prospects of Newcorn’s suggestions are promising and may prove to be more than useful in the coming years. WORKS CITED Banks, Seymour. â€Å"The Measurement of the Effect of a New Packaging Material Upon Preference and Sales. † The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago 23. 2 (Apr. , 1990): 71-80. Bendor, Jonathan, Terry M. Moe, and Kenneth W. Shotts. â€Å"Recycling the Garbage Can: An Assessment of the Research Program. † The American Political Science Review 95. 1 (2001): 169-90. Newcorn, David. â€Å"Cradle-to-Cradle: The Next Packaging Paradigm? † 2003. Packaging World Magazine. January 13 2008. .

“Habit is a great deadener”. In what ways does Waiting for Godot illustrate this idea? Essay

Habit and routine form an important part of the play Waiting for Godot, by Samuel Beckett. The play, a famous product of the ‘Theatre of the Absurd’, is characterized by a circular structure which doesn’t lead anywhere, repetitive dialogue and a general absurdity. It witnesses two men, Vladimir and Estragon, who spend the entire two acts waiting for Godot. The routines they develop throughout the play are mainly a result of their attempts to pass the time. Habits such as fiddling with objects and telling stories become part of their routine and seem like a good way to get through the waiting. However, as Vladimir himself says, â€Å"habit is a great deadener† (Beckett 105) and eventually their habits deaden them. The term â€Å"deadener† implies that the habits make the characters even more bored and that instead of helping them, they lead to their downfall and make their lives even more meaningless. This essay will discuss the habits developed by the various characters and explore whether they indeed illustrate the idea of habits being a deadener. Through this, it will also discuss what Beckett is trying to prove about habit in human life in general. One habit that is developed in Waiting for Godot by both Estragon and Pozzo is fiddling with objects. This habit is portrayed mainly through the stage directions and is therefore visual action instead of words. Estragon uses objects such as his boot in order to pass time. â€Å"Silence. Estragon is fiddling with his boot again† (Beckett 37). In this stage direction, Beckett places Estragon’s fiddling within a silence which shows how he tries to fill the void by playing with his boot. This habit is formed out of boredom and therefore designed to relieve it. Through this, Beckett seems to be commenting on how human beings rely on habits in order to give their lives meaning and security. However, instead of making life more interesting, the repeated fiddling only reinforces the monotony in the play making the characters even more bored. Pozzo on the other hand fiddles mostly with his watch, â€Å"cuddling his watch to his ear [†¦] he puts his watch back in his pocket† (Beckett 37). He repeatedly takes his watch out, consults it, puts it away, and gets it out again in a very routinely manner. He does not only do this to pass the time; it is also a way for him to prove his superiority through the material objects he owns. It is important for him to continuously assert his power and position. However, instead of giving him power, this habit eventually contributes to his downfall. In the second act, Pozzo becomes blind and loses all his power. A second way for Pozzo to prove his power and seek attention is by performing which also becomes habitual. At several occasions, Pozzo takes on another role and starts performing in order to entertain the others and become the centre of attention. He usually performs dramatic monologues, â€Å"tirelessly torrents of red and white light it begins to lose its effulgence† (Beckett 38). This sentence clearly shows his eloquent diction chosen to impress his audience and again prove his superiority. The varied syntax of this particular speech, ranging from complicated poetic sentences to short crude phrases, makes it interesting to his audience and shows how he is indeed acting. Every time he takes on a role, he ensures that everyone is paying attention to him because that is his ultimate goal. Routines are a way for people to define themselves by what they habitually do. But again, this habit turns out to be a deadener which is illustrated by Pozzo’s sudden change of status in the second act. Suddenly he is blind and no one pays attention to him anymore. He repeatedly asks for help but no one responds and this proves how his habits deadened him. A similar habit to that of performing is telling stories. It is one of the first habits to be introduced in the play and is again a way for them to fill the time. In the beginning of the play, Vladimir attempts to tell his first story, but Estragon repeatedly interrupts him: â€Å"two thieves, crucified at the same time as Our Saviour. One – / our what?† (Beckett 6). This habit is almost an immediate deadener as it fails to achieve its goal of passing time and giving them something to do. Estragon’s interruptions undermine Vladimir’s capabilities as a story teller and turn the stories into meaningless, circular debates. Instead of storytelling becoming a routine to give their lives meaning, it becomes a reinforcement of the meaninglessness of their existence proving that they aren’t going anywhere. None of the routines or habits they develop is helping. They are in fact doing the opposite and making their situation worse. They are still stuck waitin g for Godot and always will be. Waiting in itself could be considered as a deadening habit. It is definitely the dominating habit in the play as they are continuously waiting. The phrase â€Å"we’re waiting for Godot† (Beckett 51), which also inspires the title, is the most repeated sentence in the entire play. The fact that it is repeated so many times shows how desperate and meaningless their situation has become. The repetition of the phrase emphasises its importance to the overall play because even though it is very simple, it sums up the entirety of the play. This habit is arguably the most deadening of all as it prevents them from leaving and going on with their lives. It forces them to stay put and thereby takes all the meaning out of their existence, diminishing them to mere spectators rather than participators in life. A final habit that Estragon and Vladimir develop is that of staying together. In staying together, they attempt to avoid the insecurity of being lonely and try to use each other to confirm that their lives do have meaning. â€Å"I felt lonely†, says Vladimir when Estragon falls asleep (Beckett 10). This simple sentence is the very essence of why they develop the habit of staying together. Even though Estragon is physically there, Vladimir has no one to talk to anymore and this agitates him. They need each other even if they don’t always get along in order to confirm each other’s existence. At the slightest threat of being left alone, they panic and therefore stay together as a matter of necessity. The above quotation invokes pathos in the audience as they realise how strong their reliance is upon one another and therefore how low they have sunk as individuals. They are trying to avoid insecurity through their habits, but Beckett is implying that this is impossible and that habits will lead to monotony and insignificance in your life. Instead of profiting from each other, staying together prevents them from moving forward and thereby deadens them. Habit is indeed a deadener and Waiting for Godot illustrates this in numerous ways. All four characters in the play have been deadened by their habits and instead of their routine saving them, they caused their downfall. It seems as if Beckett is trying to illustrate how habit affects people in reality. It is unavoidable as human beings to develop habits. It is almost like a natural mechanism in order for us to avoid absurdity in life. However, Beckett implies, one has to accept absurdity as it is part of life. Habits won’t give us the security we need, they will only bring monotony and eventual deadening to our lives as happened in Waiting for Godot. This play is obviously part of absurdist theatre and therefore an exaggeration, however Beckett seems to be relating it to real life to a certain extent. He seems to be advising to prevent from developing habits and instead accept the randomness that unavoidably accompanies life. Work cited: Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. Grove Press: New York, 1982.

Great Teachers

The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. † Teachers – those dedicated people who educate, encourage, support, discipline and prepare us for the road ahead. They are the masters, the leaders. They are the artist that takes each class to a higher level. Their dedication has always resulted in producing something new. If I think about them humbly enough, they contribute to a great evolution, they are players in the great ocean. Teaching is deep. It's more than just imparting information. Anyone can do that.Google can do that. Wisped can do that. But great teachers do it differently. Great teachers have always understood that imagination is more important than knowledge. They go beyond the text book and have that intangible characteristic that can inspire students to do great things and become great people. Instead of just teaching major revolution in history, formulae in math,verses in English, maps in geography, laws in scie nce and Kevin in Hindi, they will make us think and force us to look at the world through the eyes of the people involved in a subject. They will challenge us to think radically and analytically.They share their insights and knowledge that allows us to explore the infinite amount of knowledge. They will engineer learning experiences that maneuver the students into the driver's seat and then the teachers get out of the way. Because they understand that students learn best by personally experiencing learning. And as the proverb goes â€Å"Teachers open the door. You enter by yourself. † One such great teacher I met was Namesakes Bradshaw, my Intermediate English teacher. She was no academic. She was not hot on action research, she had her own peculiar style or way of titivating her students.She taught the most important skills within the most important subject. She reminded us of the power of language and the delights of literature. She encouraged us to ask questions,for being prepared to argue your case, and doing so in a style that is powerfully appropriate. She relished the eccentrics in the class , the naughty ones as well as the paragons. The naughty one often only behaved for her ( I was among the naughty ones P). She had something individual to say to each student. She said when she was disappointed about something a student has done, but mostly she celebrated success.Her art of teaching was so compelling that I once broke down into tears in the middle of the class reading â€Å"A Doctors Journal Entry†. Personally, she had a powerful emotional impact on me. Used to walk out of her lessons feeling I can do things – can read better, write better, think better, learn better. Her purpose was basically the same as any good leader, to provide purpose, direction and motivation. She is simply a great teacher. I owe her a great deal – not least, my gratitude. She is more important than she'll ever realize. Thus a great teachers are the ones who are differentiated from the rest.They have the qualities of patience, kindness, resourcefulness, and open-mindedness. They listen , make their students feel secure and pushes them to succeed. A great teacher always has a sense of purpose, a positive attitude, a smile on her face and an encouraging word for her students. She explains that career choices and options are many. But your decision on career should be what you enjoy doing for the rest of your life. She motivates her students to chase their dreams and to always put their best foot forward. She will motivate and encourage to reach for the moon, so that if you miss it, you will tallest land among the stars.

Big Skinny Essay

Big Skinny wallets are water resistant and tough enough to machine-wash regularly. k. â€Å"Thinnest Wallet Ever† great marketing scheme 13. Core Weaknesses l. They won’t appeal to luxury customers because they are made of nylon instead of leather which is seen as a luxury material people may not be inclined to invest in a wallet that lacks the stylish approachm. â€Å"Thinnest Wallet Ever† could create competition of other wallet distributors to create thinner wallets and have Big Skinny constantly competing for the title c. Product Development Analysis vi. Made from a durable, water-resistant nylon micro-fiber 10 times thinner and lighter than leather yet just as durable. vii. â€Å"World’s Thinnest Wallet† viii. Thinner due to unique designs such as our Super Skinny wallet or sport wallet. Or our very unique leather nylon wallet hybrid series. ix. Wallets are small, lightweight, and often in need of replacement; hence, wallets are natural impulse purchases, often bought as gifts. x. the slimmest and most durable microfiber materials he could find, Kiril eventually developed a proprietary material tough enough to be machine-washablexi. The Big Skinny material was . 21mm thick—thinner than a normal business card and about one-eighth as thick as regular leather2. Problem Decisional Statement d. How should Big Skinny attract visitors to its site and how should Big Skinny convince those site visitors to buy wallet? 3. Heuristic Frames e. Continue business as usual f. Expand social networking marketing plan on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, etc. g. Partner with larger social network sites for sponsorship and ads. Blogs, video sites, etc. h. Expand to larger retail stores putting wallets in stores building name and prestige and offering the online service as an alternative choice i. Invest in Infomercials to expand online appeal andpopularity j. Partnering with another brand such as (Ralph Lauren, Gucci, Nautica) making big skinny style wallets k. Sell the business l. Billboard marketing of the website m. In addition to the website branch onto online shopping retailer sites like Amazon, Ebay, etc. n. Have a celebrity endorse or sponsor the wallets. o. Have a larger business or retailer exclusively sale the wallets as a specific brand4. Issue Analysis p. K xii. Pros 14. Having more in house products in other stores can allow for more marketing possibilities as well especially online 15. Turn the brand into a household name, eventually people will branch from buying them in stores and instead only buy from online shops 16. Turning the business into a more so manufacturer instead of a direct manufacturer to consumer business could helpxiii. Cons 17. Adds to cost and expenses for shipping to retail shops 18. A somewhat gamble to take it from the â€Å"fair market† especially given its limited popularity 19. Doesn’t allow for individuality much and creates middle men. 5. Recommendation q. Recommend selling the wallets exclusively through a major retailer because it could expand the brand and putting the website out there. Even the holiday season maybe have deals or holiday style advertising. Having it in larger retail stores such as Target or Wal-Mart and putting them every store across the country expands name and business and could create more online traffic. To add to the existing. Could build the name and prestige to the company. Having it as an exclusive product could open opportunities to later expand it to other stores as well. Have Wal-Mart brand exclusive Big Skinny Wallets. Similar to how the iPhone was exclusively sold by AT&T and how the Apple products for some time were exclusively sold through Apple and now they are being sold at more retailers. Exclusive sales of Big Skinny wallets can increase online traffic maybe even selling a unique brand of wallets only from the company website. Offer exclusive deals.

Talent Managment Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Talent Managment Process - Essay Example An operational talent management is among the most valuable assets an organization can possess and if the processes associated with talent management are performed in a professional manner, it has the capacity to become the driving force of the company towards economic success. Talent management entails three main aspects that include the acquisition of talent, its development and retention once it has already been acquired (Elegbe 24). Nonetheless, numerous other sub-processes are components of talent management that include the identification of talent, its sourcing and evaluation among others. In the cases where the management of talent is implemented in the proper manner, strategic effects can be seen all over the company and an appropriate talent management entails more than merely attracting, nurturing and retaining the employees who are talented. Human resource functions as a framework for a number of specialty well-designed areas in regard to expertise which require proper appreciation and discipline. In most of the cases, these well-designed areas are considered to include workforce and succession planning, the management of performances as well as compensating and giving benefits to the employees who perform exceptionally. In order to be able to manage talent in an efficient and effective manner, all these aspects have to be consolidated fully and they must work together in a smooth manner. In the initial stages, workforce and succession planning maps out the path for future talent requirements by quantity and qualifying requirements in accordance to the strategy of the company. On the hand, management is tasked with the delivery of an overview if the talent that is already in existence while talent acquisition and recruitment is supposed to make sure that the identified gaps has been closed as far as the talent map is co ncerned. Overall, the

Parti5-comments1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Parti5-comments1 - Essay Example This first part of this answer concentrates closely on the initial decisions in the development of a paper, in particular regarding the choices made concerning topic and viewpoint. While the subject and perspective used in a cause and effect paper are important, there is no mention of the logical organization of a cause and effect paper or the need to provide supporting arguments/evidence to prove or explain the relationship being considered. After a simplified explanation of the nature of cause and effect relationships, this paragraph mentions a generalized purpose in examining causes and their effects as a means of understanding the world around us which is most probably meant to extend to written forms. However, the writer does not specifically make mention of written cause and effect papers or any additional purpose for doing so beyond informing, such as to persuade. Though this answer does highlight certain important parts of the process and purpose of cause and effect writing, it is limited and could be developed more

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Research Methods - Essay Example n was asked why his party chose to increase the tuition fees, he replied that it would mainly do two things; firstly, it would ensure that UK’s English universities are well funded and; secondly it would mean that the UK government would not go on raising tuition for higher education students so fast (Vasagar2012). The increasing of tuition fees in the UK has led to a lot of controversy, which has caused many individuals lash out at the Conservative regime and a majority of perspective students traumatized at the thought of having to pay off  £27,000 worth of education fees, prior to adding up the fee of their maintenance loans, as well (Bachana 2013). In the wake of all this, university students in the UK are turning to employment to be able to pay this high school fees rate, as well as settle the loans they use while in school. This essay conducted surveys, observation, journals and books, with regards to how the new English fee system has affected student employment. The main survey method that was used was conducting interviews through questionnaires. In this regard, 250 were distributed to undergraduate students in order to come up with the findings. In addition, using this type of sources will help to conduct an understandable research strategy and accurate timetable of activities. A research question should be clear, concise, centered, complex and arguable. It should be a question that everybody in the team was genuinely interested in (Munn, 2004). These aspects were particularly important because they helped us center on our research by providing a way through the research, as well as writing process. My group’s specificity of a well-developed research topic helped us avoid the â€Å"all-about† types of papers and endeavor towards supporting a particularly arguable thesis, â€Å"the new  £9000 per year English fee tuition has affected student term time employment habits.† Due to the recent debate in UK universities with regards to raising the annual

Outsourcing to Foreign Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Outsourcing to Foreign Countries - Essay Example Changes in the way in which organizations conduct business have been rapid and wide-spread as the concept of outsourcing has been introduced. It is the inherent nature of the marketplace to increase efficiency within the workplace by constantly striving to produce the most products with the least expenditure of resources. It is this concept that has driven many corporations to join in the globalization process, frequently outsourcing many of their activities and production processes to less developed countries in which this process is less expensive and requires fewer restrictions, licensing, and/or controls. â€Å"Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world. It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports and larger export markets†. Although the idea of a global market and outsourcing sounds like an ideal situation for the increased flow of goods and currencies throughout the world, as well as a possible solution for the redistribution of wealth into some of the world’s most destitute countries, â€Å"in practice, this has meant that the governments of the advanced capitalist countries, along with the I.M.F., the World Bank, and the W.T.O., have increasingly sought to force other nations to adopt market economies, privatize public companies and resources, abandon labor and environmental regulations, reduce social services, and embrace ‘free trade’ and the free movement of transnational capital†.

Managing Absence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing Absence - Assignment Example This leads to poor and staggered service to customers, as agency employees, being untrained and raw, could never do justice to customers without bungling or making glaring mistakes. Problem of delayed service is very common and Line managers have to deal with unpleasant customer complaints, which sometimes, run for days and months, causing immense man-hour loss over trivia. If not attended sincerely and find suitable solutions, Company will lose the carefully nurtured image and goodwill in the market, not to mention facing the unpleasant and enraged reactions from the customers. Temporary staff is unsuitable for another reason that it needs more guidance and managers have to frequently accompany them to see that serious errors do not occur. This naturally results in distraction and wastage of managers' precious working time. Recruitment and staff turnover of the Company in recent years has become noticeably frequent and this is financially undesirable1. It is a matter of serious concern that unforeseen absences are creating major problems to management and managers and hence, are unpleasant to the image of the Company. The gravity of the situation is acute as absenteeism can result in service failures, recovery actions, implications etc. There are instances when Company was even drawn into unpleasant legal battles and this shows that prevention and solution both are immediately needed. Managing absence and its effect on productivity and efficiency is no small concern, and it is desirable to get practical advice to deal with long and short-term absences, ill health and absence resulting from working stress. It is essential to assess the damage to Company and inconvenience to managers who are forced to reorganise the entire group to set it rolling. Costs of frequent re-organisations cannot be ignored either. The downward trend in Company performance is creating an unhealthy atmosphere2. Reasons and excuses of sickness should be considered against the real sickness, manager bullying, children responsibility, exhaustion, depression, old relatives and their responsibility, their hospitalisation, sickness of tiny children and partner or husband etc. Handling absenteeism with professional help and on the basis of research already done is essential. Diagnosing problems, identifying weak spots, controlling systems and spotting training requirements for heads of department, line managers and team managers on how to deal with persistent absentees is important. Consulting employment law consultants and human resource professionals and frequent meetings with employee relations officers is another form of tackling this evil. In house legal advisers should be consulted for further actions against the absentees. Possibilities of future damage repair like in-house training; continuing professional development focussed on developing the employee's full potential, encouraging interactions, advising on employment law issues and practical law issues could guide strategy mapping. This will also involve line management solutions, return to work interviews, and frequent monitoring. It is better to involve employee work commitment, peer pressure, and medical opinion etc. and arrive at a decision after going through every aspect of absenteeism including from the

Eleanor's Shareholds in the Comany Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Eleanor's Shareholds in the Comany - Assignment Example The director owes a fiduciary relationship to the company; the director has to exercise the duty of care in discharging his/her duty. In Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd, it was held that the directors were required to act â€Å"bona fide in that they consider – not what a court may consider – is in the interests of the company, and not for any collateral purpose. In RE: Marquis of Bute Case where a director who failed to attend a board meeting once in 38yrs was exonerated from being negligence. However, the company is free to impose a duty on directors to attend board meetings iii.The directors may delegate work to some official whose past record may not cast doubts and distrust may be exonerated on negligence on the ground that he exercises due care.this is illustrated in Dovey vs. Cory where it was held that the director was not liable for negligence as he had failed to verify company accounts. It, therefore, implies that the directors can promote the success of the company when he owes the duty of care avoiding negligence. However, the employee’s mistake cannot be bound to be that of directors provided he showed that he acted in good faith. 5. An accountant is a person who prepares the financial statement of a company in line with the IFRS.the quality of information should enable the users of accounts to make accurate and transparent judgments regarding the company’s financial statement. The reports or the books of accounts, for example, the balance sheet and income statement laid in, show the true and fair view of the company at a given period of time. Therefore, on a company’s board of director needs to have an accountant so that he can communicate the economic information to the non-accountant directors for decision-making.  

Dq-4-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dq-4-Sheila - Essay Example example, the case study provided in this research involves studying the effects of the 2010 murder in Northern Illinois University among parents, students as well as the Faculty members. Normally this is the second step in implementing any type of research design. The objectives are usually formulated to serve a purpose of a guiding formula for undertaking a research; they are usually formulated in a realistic and manageable to ensure that the research meets all the intended objectives for instance (Alter, 2013): The case study provided, could be guided by an objective of studying and identifying the psychological effects of the 2010 murder among students and other concerned stakeholders. There are different types of data. However, it is usually crucial for any researcher to identify and determine the appropriate data that his intended research will require. Additionally, the researcher should identify and state the sources of data, taking in consideration the nature of his/her study for example if the research is a case study, the researcher could opt for qualitative or quantitative data recorded in books as well as other primary sources of data that could be collected through interviews (Alter, 2013). This information is usually properly stated at the beginning of the research for readers to have an insight regarding the intended research dimensions presented. There are different techniques applied in collecting research data; however, the criteria for selecting any research technique is usually based on the type of data needed, taking into consideration the research design as well as the objectives for instance, a theoretical research would majorly depend on qualitative data, which can be collected through focus group interviews or even observation (Bryman & Cramer, 2011). This is the fifth step of implementing a research design; identification of a study scope is crucial for purposes of determining the sample size as well as the geographical coverage of a

How Indian Cinema Evolved over the Years Essay Example for Free

How Indian Cinema Evolved over the Years Essay A hundred years ago on this date, India’s first film Raja Harishchandra was released. Over the past hundred years, our cinema and its facets have evolved and how!! The hero From mooch to macho From a bulky mustached Raj Kapoor in the 40s to a six-pack flaunting, butt-baring John Abraham now, the Bollywood hero has had quite a makeover. The 50s was the era of method-acting with the likes of Dilip Kumar, while in the 60s, Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand epitomised romance on screen. After Khanna’s guru kurtas and fluffy hairtop, Amitabh Bachchan brought the angry young man into the picture in the 70s and 80s with Zanjeer, Deewar and Agneepath, also bringing to the fore, bell bottoms and side burns. The 90s was the time of the lover boys Shah Rukh Khan, Aamir Khan and Salman Khan dancing in exotic foreign locales. Now, the Bollywood hero is not restricted by genre or style and fits into every mould. He is a looker, chocolatey, experimental and total paisa vasool, read Ranbir Kapoor and Imran Khan. The heroine From feeble to fabulous In the early decades, the heroine in Indian cinema had only one objective in life, that of being a sati-savitri, who never looked beyond her family and husband. The kitchen was her cocoon, and she epitomised all things good. Through the 1940s, 50s and 60s, heroines such as Mala Sinha, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Nanda and Asha Parekh ruled these roles. It was only in the 80s and 90s that she evolved as a strong character (Rekha in Khoon Bhari Mang, 1988), (Meenakshi Sheshadri in Damini, 1993). While in the early 2000s, she was still the demure girl, she managed to live her life on her terms like Rani Mukerji in Kabhie Alvida Naa Kehna. And the heroine today is the sexy, uber cool woman who cares for little more than her own life. Way to go girl! The villain From scary to suave From the usual lot of wicked village zamindars, smugglers, murderers, rapists, dacoits and terrorists, the larger-than-life Bollywood villains have become rare in new age cinema. Thus the traditional villain, Loin, Shakal, Mogambo, Dr Dang and Badman, has died a natural death. The wigged, cigar-smoking avatars played by the likes of Pran, Prem Chopra, Amrish Puri, have made way for smart and sometimes more-adorable-than-the-hero kind of villains. Exhibit A- Saif Ali Khan (Omkara) and Shah Rukh Khan (Don). No lines are drawn now and black characters have became grey with lead actors playing antagonists in films, almost replacing the dedicated villains. This marked the end of ever reverberating iconic one liners like â€Å"Kitne aadmi the?† and â€Å"Saara sheher mujhe Loin ke naam se jaanta hain.† The maa Rona-dhona to supercool From the God fearing and homely mum to a party freak, mothers in Bollywood have come a long way since 1930s. While Nargis in Mother India (1957) played a mother who went through hardships and struggled to bring up her offsprings, Nirupa Roy in the 70s became synonymous with white saris and a melancholic look. Then came Reema Lagoo, with her bindi and sindoor, an ideal middle class Indian mother in Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988) and Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), who tried to be a friend to her son. But now, mothers are the uber cool women who are ready to accept even same-sex couples, case in point, Kirron Kher in Dostana (2008). And now there are mom who drink and dance at weddings, ala Dolly Walia in Vicky Donor (2012). The item girl Taboo to must-haves The dancing girl evolved from the Cabaret seductress, the free-spirited banjaran, the sensuous courtesan to dancing temptresses in half-saris. In the 40s and 50s, Cuckoo Moray, hotted up the screen with her innocent charm. The 50s saw Vyjayanthimala woo the audience in songs such as Chad Gayo Papi Bichua in Madhumati (1958) in ghagra cholis, and junk silver jewellery. Helen ruled the 60s and 70s, emerging in a bold avatar with dramatic ensembles. The 80s saw the trend of heroines appear in item numbers with Zeenat Aman in Qurbani (1980). Madhuri Dixit’s Choli Ke Peeche Kya Hai became the ultimate tease in the 90s. The item girls of 2000s are sexy, not afraid to show skin and love to play hard to get, be it Malaika Arora Khan in a mid-riff baring choli dancing atop a train or Katrina in Sheila Ki Jawani. The comedian Funny face to frontman The comedian in the 40s, was the fat man with funny facial expressions, whose mere presence made audiences laugh. In the 1950s, the lean Johnny Walker broke that trend and managed to win hearts with his slapstick humour. Kishore Kumar, essentially a singer, redefined comedy by using his songs like Meri Pyari Bindu (Padosan 1968) as elements of fun in films. But it was Mehmood, with his fringed hair and impeccable dialogue delivery who became the king of comedy in the 1970s. The next big thing in comedy was Johnny Lever, who left audiences in splits with his body language and dialogues in films like Raja Hindustani (1996) and Dulhe Raja (1998). Now, it’s the heroes — Akshay Kumar (Hera Pheri), Ajay Devgn (Golmaal) who are doubling as comedians. The friend Sidekick to the right-hand man The side kick or hero’s best friend, every Bollywood film has had one. The role could be that of a fun buddy who provides comic relief to the film or that one jigari dost who stays with the hero through thick and thin (in other words, fights for the hero and often dies in the end). From the days of Mukri and Mehmood, who played the hero’s good friend in the 1950s and 60s to the current time where actors like Arshad Warsi and Sharman Joshi play as powerful characters as the hero himself, this portrayal has had a sea change. Mehmood in Humjoli (1970), for instance, played a sidekick who brought the house down with his antics, but Arshad Warsi in the Munnabhai series (2003/06) played the ideal Robin to Sanjay Dutt’s Batman, and got some of the best lines in the films. The romance Touch-me-not to pre-marital sex Romance in Bollywood turned from bold to coy and back to racy and bold. The silent film, ‘A Throw of Dice’ (1929) saw actor Seeta Devi kiss actor Charu Roy. Post-independence, in the 1940s, romance became conservative. The Cinematograph Act in 1952, called kissing on screen indecent and romance became associated with clasping hand and staring into each other’s eyes. Kissing was shown with two flowers coming together or honey bees sucking nectar from flowers. 1970s was Raj Kapoor’s era that brought a passion back to romance with movies such as Bobby (1973), Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978). It was the 90s that romance took a pure and sweet form the two blockbuster hits Hum Aapke Hain Kaun (1994) Dilwale Duhaniya Le Jayenge (1995). Now, in the 2000s, pre-marital sex shown in films like Salaam Namaste (2005) and Rockstar (2011), is considered cool. The music Melodies to racy tracks The 1930 and 40s, were defined by nasal renditions by the likes of KL Saigal (Jab Dil Hi Tooth Gaya, Shahjahan, 1946) and Noorjehan. The 50s were all about soul-soothing melodies. Songs like it Pyaar Huya Ekraar Huya (Shree 420 1952) or Jaane Woh Kaise Log The (Pyaasa 1957) became epics. However, it was R D Burman, who single-handedly changed the course of Bollywood film music, and introduced westernised tunes in songs in the 60s. While 70s remained the decade of a mix of soft and fast numbers, the 80s turned Bollywood music on its head, as Bappi Lahiri brought in disco music. Disco Dancer (1982) marked the beginning of a range of high-on-noise, low-on-lyrics songs. The 1990s churned out several hugely forgettable numbers, except for musical hits like 1942 a Love Story (1994), Saajan (1991). The 2000s have been the decade of experimenting thus Sonu Nigam and Yo Yo Honey Singh both find place in the same film. The dialogues Melodrama to quirky Power-packed dialogues get the maximum seetis from the audience, and why not. A film is often remembered for its iconic dialogues. Kaun kambakth bardasht karne ke liye peeta hai, from Devdas that’s a favourite even with the ‘daarubaaz’ of today. However, dialogues like Kitne aadmi the, and â€Å"Kuttey main tera khoon pi jaunga† from Sholay, â€Å"Pushpa, I hate tears† from Amar Prem and â€Å"Mere paas maa hai† from Deewar; have gone on to become epic. In the 1990s, heroes impressed their lady love with dialogues. Thus came, â€Å"I love you Kkk Kiran† (Darr), â€Å"Bade bade shehron mein aisi chhoti chhoti baatein hoti rehti hain.† (DDLJ 1995). In 2000, quirky dialogues such as, Main apni favourite hoon (Jab We Met), Picture Abhi Baki Hai Dost (Om Shanti Om) are the big hits among film buffs.

Recommendation Brief for an Internal Accountant Essay Example for Free

Recommendation Brief for an Internal Accountant Essay Currently, a client with an out-of-control system is grasping for a change in order to regain their internal controls. For any company, internal controls are highly important for success. Internal controls assist with minimizing mistakes and dishonesty; however will not completely eliminate them. The client has an out-of-control system in operation and will definitely benefit from having an internal accountant. Therefore, it is extremely recommended that a well-qualified internal accountant be hired by the company. An internal accountant will provide management with the necessary information needed to handle issues that arise, as well as preform system audits to maintain internal accountability. Setting forth a reliable internal audit system will build stability within the company and assist with violations occurring with laws and regulations. The role of an internal accountant will include, but are not limited to, working closely with the owners and department managers to evaluate the company’s performance in the most vital areas of operation and review the policies and procedures to ensure they are in line with the company’s mission and goals. More specifically, the internal accountant will evaluate the assets, financial accuracy, and that the standards of the government and industry are being followed correctly. The internal accountant will also serve as a security measure for the company and their assets. To directly describe the responsibility of an internal accountant the first action would be to assess the current system and create a plan of action to correct it. The audit will be focusing on deficiencies and areas of improvement. The plan will consist of correcting the items found to be working against the company and implementing suggested changes within. Once the internal accountant has completed their assessment, a formal written recommendation describing the current control system and the deficiencies, along with an explanation of how management can correct and improve the issues. The hiring of an internal accountant has many advantages, especially for a company with an out-of-control system such as  the client . The first would be the money saving attribute because there would be no need to hire an outside auditor. Minimizing deficiencies to prevent a long-term negative affect is another hopeful advantage, as well as improving the overall functioning of the company to be more efficient in operations and successful in hitting the company’s mission and goals that have been set. The ideal candidate for the internal accountant position will pose an exceptional knowledge base of the company’s industry operations and goals. This candidate will have access to confidential information that others may not possess, therefore being part of the company’s staff will be able to conduct evaluations of the system and provide management with the necessary tools to correct issues as they surface. Specific qualifications and requirements need to play a major role in the hiring process of the internal accountant. These items would include the proper amount of education and experience, to include the required licensing to conduct the appropriate job functions legally. Experience will play a pri mary role when it comes to written reports and timely problem solving techniques for the current out-of-control system. The client advantage to hiring a candidate with a certain amount of knowledge of the industry would be that the candidate will already have a direction based off of what they know works versus what does not work. As a final part to the hiring process, the internal accountant should display personal attributes that include basic characteristics. Attributes such as being confident, trustworthy, open-minded, and observant. Many other qualities would be looked upon as well. Thus, a recommendation to hire a well-qualified, knowledgeable, and experienced internal accountant would be an extreme advantage for the client. The client will need to display an open line of communication and maintain that communication for the success of the company’s internal controls. References FDIC. (2013, September 16). FDIC LAws, Regulations, Related Acts. Retrieved from Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/5000-3250.html