‘Bright and Morning Star’ Richard Wright Essay

The point of this article is to talk about the choice that the hero from Richard Wright’s ‘Bright and Morning star’, Aunt Sue, a dark mother of two children, needs to make so as to picked between her sons’ life and the wellbeing of the Communist individuals from her locale. This story is, among others composed by Richard Wright, a ‘dark depiction of dark Communist life’ and it investigations the inward battle of Aunt Sue as a dark lady and ‘mother of Communists’ (1). Wright’s short story follows the quandary that Sue needs to stand up to with herself during one blustery night, as a mother of Communist children who were pursued by the specialists. Her difficulty begins to develop from the earliest starting point of the story, when she discovers that her son’s socialist gathering was in peril to be found by the specialists: ’The sheriff wuz by our home tonight[†¦] He done got word from somewheres session tha meetin tomorrow’(Wright 412). From that second she was exposed to two unique feelings, the dread that she may lose her child and the obligation to the network to spare the individuals from the gathering that her child had:’ She was feeling that Johnny-Boy was at that point lost to her; she was feeling the torment that would come when she knew it for certain, and she was feeling that she would need to be valiant and bear it’, ‘[†¦] for her to attempt to stop Johnny-Boy was to concede that all the work of years amounted to nothing; and to release him implied that at some point or other he would be gotten. In confronting it thusly she felt somewhat staggered, as if she had come out of nowhere upon a clear divider in the dark.’(Wright 412-413) regardless of Wright’s joining to Communism: ‘â€Å"I Tried to be a Communist’, and of his various works about it, in the long run his attention developed more on the advancement of an individual dark awareness than on propel ling the reasons for the Communist party as on account of his two stories ‘Fire and Cloud’ and ‘Bright and Morning star’(2). From the earliest starting point of the story we can see Sue separated in two inward parts: a piece of her despite everything recollecting her past convictions, in Christianity and Jesus, and another piece of her uncovered from the snapshot of her joining her sons’ convictions in Communism so as to escape of the past sufferings of the individuals of color. As she continued looking for better, as should be obvious trough the story, she attempt to discover an asylum first in religion, at that point in Communism, however when she feels that neitherâ the Communism is sufficient to accomplish a superior living, her last expectation is in her pride of the individuals of color: ‘She was overcome with a severe pride. There was nothing on this planet, she felt at that point, that they couldn't do to her however that she could take’ (Wright 422) Likewise we can see Sue taking two distinct mentalities along the story. On the off chance that in the primary case we can consider Sue to be a normal mother worried for her family and her affection for her child, Johnny-Boy: ‘But how she could overlook Johnny-Boy out there on those wet fields gathering together white and dark Communists for a gathering tomorrow?’ (Wright 408), likewise we can see that her questions about her son’s business among the Communist gathering of her locale made her look in a sort wary at the arrangement of permitting individuals enter the gathering and at the new white individuals she didn’t trust: ‘It wuznt nona our people . . . Ok knows em all from route back. There ain none of em that coulda! . . . Child, it wuz some of them white people! (Wright 417), and she is first depicted as a standard lady who knows her place in the house: ’While pushing the iron a group of drudging days returned; long periods of washing and pressing to take care of Johnny-Boy and Sug [†¦] long periods of conveying a hundred punds of white folks’ garments upon her head [†¦]’(Wright 409). Her picture alongside her convictions changed as the occasions from that night proceeded. Her dark pride and her duty to the gathering developed when she was ruthlessly examined concerning her child and the individuals from Johnny-Boy’s Communist gathering, prevailing to oppose to their assault on her: ‘yuh didnâ€ÿt git whut yuh needed! N yuh ain going to nevah git it!’(Wright 423). However, further in the night, as a result of feeble position she was placed into by the beatings of the sheriff and due to the bogus news that her child was executed, her fearless fell and she was deceived to state the names of the individuals. The second she chooses to correct her misstep is the second she understands that she needs to battle alone for her motivation and to safeguard different individuals and she ‘would do anything for her children †aside from sell out others’ (Felgar 29). Likewise the second she lost her last confidence †her pride-uncovering the names of the individuals is additionally the second she chooses to put the benefit of her kin, her companions, over her child and her apprehensions. In this way the best way to take it back was by shooting the kid Booker before he could tell the names:’ The sheet! Thas it, the sheet! Her entire being jumped with will; the long stretches of her life twisted toward a snapshot of center a point. Ok family go wid mah sheet! Ahll be doin what he said! Lawd Gawd in Heaven, Ahma go like a niggerâ woman wid mah windin sheet and git mah dead son!’(Wright 433). Also, in spite of the fact that she is exposed to the extraordinary afflicti on a mother could suffer: her child being tormented and executed before her, she keep up her solidarity to achieve her crucial: terminated, once; at that point, without stopping, she turned, hearing them holler. She focused on Johnny-Boy, yet they had their arms around her[†¦] She saw Booker lying spread in the mud, all over [†¦] And she was unexpectedly settled; they were not a white mountain now; they were not pushing her any more drawn out to the edge of life. Its awright†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Wright 440 ) Main highlights of the hero are turning out in this piece of the story: shrewdness, the quality of yielding her maternal love and her child for the network cause. She turns out to be consequently the solid, self-assured lady, so as to fix her missteps and takes the confidence of her and her son’s life in her grasp and she goes to stand up to the ‘enemy’ without anyone else. Due to the knowledge of the past ages she had, she prevails to achieve her all around created plan: she goes to the foe camp without anyone else with a weapon covered up in a white sheet so as to shoot the double crosser of her friends:’ The sheet! Thas it, the sheet! Her entire being jumped with will; the long periods of her life bowed toward a snapshot of center a point. Ok family go wid mah sheet! Ahll be doin what he said! Lawd Gawd in Heaven, Ahma go like a nigger lady wid mah windin sheet and git mah dead son!’(Wright 433). All in all, the battle the hero needs to take before she could perceive what her alternatives are and her choice to give her life and her son’s for the Black people group, catches a barbarous reality, the creator needed to speak to, of dark ladies specifically, and the dark network when all is said in done, in their push to escape from the difficulties the white men had submitted them to. Along these lines we can say that Sue prevailing to outperform her condition as a dark mother and lady, and turned into a safeguard of a network, yet with a cost: venturing over the adoration for a mother for her child and giving up him for the rest. Works refered to: * Richard Wright, Early Works. NY: Library of America, 1991,’ Bright and Morning Star’; * Felgar, Robert. Understudy Companions to Classic Writers: Student Companions to Richard Wright. Westport: Greenwood Press, Inc., 2000. * Kilinski, April Conley, Flinging a New Star: â€Å"Fire and Cloud† and â€Å"Bright and Morning Star† as Reflections of Richard Wright’s Changing Relationship with Communism. Revelation: Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012. <http://www.ius.edu.ba:8080/iusjournals/index.php?journal=epiphany&page=article&op=viewFile&path%5B%5D=60&path%5B%5D=52>

The Effect of Different Substances on the Freezing Point of Water Ess

The Effect of Different Substances on the Freezing Point of Water Ess The Effect of Different Substances on the Freezing Point of Water Period 4 January 19, 2012 The Effect of Different Substances on the Freezing Point of Water Presentation Water is basic for all life on Earth and covers 70% of the Earth surface. Water is a concoction substance made out of two hydrogen molecules clung to one oxygen iota. Its compound equation is H2O. Unadulterated water is straightforward, dismal and scentless. Water is for the most part observed as fluid. Anyway water can be found in every one of the three conditions of fluid, strong, and gas contingent upon the temperature. At room temperature, water is a fluid. Be that as it may, it gets strong (ice) when the temperature drops to 0oC or it transforms into gas when the temperature ascends to 100oC. The explanation water changes its state is particles have vitality. Water atoms in a fluid structure have more vitality than in a strong structure. They move around rapidly. At the point when the fluid chills off, water atoms hinder their development and the vitality is decreased. At the point when the water temperature stretches around 0oC, the particles nearly don't move and remain togeth er to shape a strong ice (Manahan, 2010). At the point when water and ice are in contact with one another, two things happen that (1) ice atoms escape into the water (softening) and (2) water particles are caught on the ice surface (freezing). At the point when the pace of freezing is equivalent to the pace of liquefying, the measure of water and the measure of ice don't change. The ice and water are supposed to be in unique balance. The parity point among freezing and softening of the two conditions of water is at 0oC (Wolf, 2010). However, this harmony among freezing and softening can without much of a stretch be disturb when either water or ice changes conditions. Heating pop, better referred to scientific experts as bicarbonate of pop, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium corrosive carbonate, is a synthetic compound with a substance equation of NaHCO3. Heating soft drink is a white strong and frequently shows up as a fine powder with crystalline grains. Heating soft drink can frame normally. Nonetheless, most preparing soft drink sold in stores are man-made by consolidating carbon dioxide (a scentless gas) and soft drink debris (separate from sources like a mineral called trona and remains of specific plants). As heating soft drink is framed by joining a corrosive (carbonic) and sodium hydroxide, it responds with different synthetic substances as a mellow soluble base. Along these lines, when it is blended in with corrosive, preparing soft drink kills the corrosive, separates proteins, and emits carbon dioxide gas (regularly observed as air pockets) (Zukowski, 2009). In view of its substance and physical properties, heatin g soft drink is utilized for a wide scope of utilizations, for example, preparing, cleaning, freshening up, buffering, and fire smothering. Salt is a mineral made fundamentally out of sodium chloride (NaCl), a synthetic compound having a place with the bigger class of ionic salts. Salt is in a crystalline structure however shifts in shading from dry when it is unadulterated to white, dark or caramel because of other normal mineral components inside the gem. Salt is shaped normally and can be found wherever on the planet like underground and ocean. There are a wide range of sorts of salts. Salt isn't just fundamental for human and creature lives yet in addition regularly used to aid different assembling and creations like material coloring, cleanser making and ceramics creation (Roman et al, 2011). At the point when a substance like heating pop or salt is placed into water, it is broken down in the water. This is on the grounds that the extremity of water atoms can draw in the polar ionic mixes and separate the particles of different substances. In this procedure, researchers term the substance to be disintegrated as a solute and allude the water as the dissolvable the one that does the dissolving. The shaped blend is known as an answer (Amora and Chu, 2010). Research has discovered that the point of solidification of an answer is lower than 0oC, the point of solidification of the unadulterated water. This is on the grounds that the additional solute disturbs the harmony of the water conditions of fluid and strong. There are less water atoms in the arrangement as a portion of the water has been supplanted by the solute (Senese, 2010). This implies the quantity of water particles ready to be caught by

Eco-tourism Essay

Ecotourism is characterized as dependable travel to normal regions that secure the earth and improve the government assistance of neighborhood individuals (International Ecotourism Society (TIES), 2005). It additionally follow certain standards, for example, limit sway, fabricate ecological and social regard, give budgetary advantages to neighborhood individuals. Worldwide ecotourism started in 1990, and has been growing 20-34% every year, particularly in 2004, ecotourism was developing all around multiple times quicker than the travel industry overall; with consistent development, and ecotourism will involve 25% of the world travel showcase inside six years. Ecotourism has points of interest and burdens. It can add to a country’s financial turn of events and furthermore advantage neighborhood individuals. For the poor nations, the travel industry is the second most significant wellspring of outside trade, after oil. It additionally can bring openings for work and increment ne arby people’s salary. In any case, the hindrance can't be ignored. Ecotourism can deliver contamination and harm the earth. As per TIES (2005), there are 109 nations with coral reefs, 90 of them are being harmed by voyage boat and sewage. It additionally assessed that the voyage transport produce in excess of 70,000 tons of waste every year. The stun to neighborhood culture is additionally a major issue. As of late, the upsides of ecotourism are as yet being discussed. This report is worried about the preferences and impediments ofâ ecotourism. In spite of the fact that the inconveniences of ecotourism caused huge issues yet points of interest of ecotourism far exceed its disadvantages. 1.Definition of ecotourism. Ecotourism includes mindful making a trip to delicate, unblemished and for the most part secured regions. This happens for various purposes, from instructing the voyager, encouraging appreciation for various societies to legitimately profiting the monetary and political strengthening of nearby networks. In a perfect world, ecotourism consolidates the accompanying rules; advance organic and social decent variety, visiting untainted common territories, and the principle attractions being neighborhood culture, verdure. To put it plainly, ecotourism activities are characterized by their promise to the earth, training, nature and culture. The fundamental targets of ecotourism are giving nature-based, ecological training encounters for guests and dealing with this in a reasonable way. Ecotourism offers an incredible open door for instructive just as self-awareness as estimations of gratefulness and mentality changes are imparted in members which would prompt noteworthy association in ecolo gical and social issues later on. Basically, the element of ecotourism as an instructive encounter makes another window for review the entire world and one’s self. It offers a chance to show the development and advancement of different learning encounters while simultaneously investigating another nation or culture and going past one’s biased confinements. Nature based the travel industry incorporates a scope of the travel industry encounters that involve experience the travel industry, social and country the travel industry. Moreover, exercises, for example, boating and scuba plunging are types of nature based ecotourism. Then again, economical ecotourism means to address on the requirements of visited conditions to support them. The principle central focuses incorporate continuing the common habitat itself and adding to enable neighborhood networks to comprehend the significance and estimation of their contiguous condition. Maintainability is drawn from the idea of reasonable improvement which is advancement that centers around addressing the requirements of he present age without blocking the capacity of things to come ages from addressing their own needs. The fundamental rules for practical ecotourism incorporate; the economical utilization of biological assets, increasedâ environmental and social mindfulness, preservation ethos, backing of nearby economies through expanded income from guests and the utilization of neighborhood supplies and administrations. It is critical to take note of that for ecotourism to be understood the above segments should be incorporated on a healthy bundle. Eco the travel industry involves the fuse of nature as the primary research facility for casual learning through which perspectives and qualities on protection are valued and imparted. For these normal assets to be accessible for the unforeseeable future, manageability needs to become possibly the most important factor. A few contrasts among ecotourism and different types of the travel industry can be sketched out. To begin with, the key distinction existing is that ecotourism includes finding out about the earth though different types of the travel industry, for example, experience the travel industry just spotlight on close to home achievements of effectively meeting the test of the common habitat. For the most part, the travel industry centers around showcase request by endeavoring to encourage, keep up and extend the market world which generally draws it away from concentrating on keeping up the item or experience. The expansion of offices and frameworks to provide food for the i nterest bring about the demolition of flawless condition and the indigenous experience which ecotourism endeavors to turn around by decreasing these effects of the travel industry. Ecotourism keeps up a flexibly arranged administration point of view with essential contemplations being the nature and strength of the asset, social or neighborhood network inclinations and interpretive protection programs. The travel industry then again, centers around singular encounters that may ignore the importance of top to bottom learning of the common habitat and indigenous information fundamental for changing people’s perspectives and recognitions. Nature based the travel industry is viewed as a subcomponent of elective the travel industry and ecotourism is featured as being a piece of both other option and normal based the travel industry. This is on the grounds that nature assumes a major job in both. Furthermore, the collaboration between indigenous habitat and experience travel are parts of experience the travel industry. This focuses to experience travel with certain unsafe components which when brought down become coherent augmentations of ecotourism. Time, an extremely key ware would likewise be utilized to separate different types of the travel industry from eco the travel industry. The time taken to cooperate with nature and nearby networks in ecotourism is considerable because of the time taken to acknowledge what the earth gives. Assets collecting from tourismâ activities are not totally used to improve the employments of neighborhood populaces, they may not stream down to these networks when distributed on a national scale. Rather they structure a level of the Gross Domestic Product of most economies. Then again, reserves gathered from ecotourism foundations are redirected to exercises planned for improving the lives of nearby networks. This is on the grounds that these populaces assume an essential job in guaranteeing the manageability of the earth through legitimate administration and assurance to check overexploitation. The resulting effect of human exercises on the earth is one more contrast among ecotourism and different types of the travel industry. The way that ecotourism tends to the qualities and impression of people which effect on a more prominent degree the valuation for the earth in this way decreasing the extents of abuse of these assets is a prime meaning of ecotourism not quite the same as the travel industry when all is said in done. Practices, for example, the correct removal of waste in campgrounds or visitor environs are accentuated in ecotourism when contrasted with different types of the travel industry which disregard the significance of such activities. Eco tourism underscores on association dependent on the closeness to the common living space, for instance, watching dolphins in their regular living space, the sea, while standard the travel industry doesn't stress on the indigenous habitat, for example, watching dolphins in an aquarium. The degrees of associations depicted by Fridell (2003) are distinctive in the two ideas. Ecotourism based exercises include a nearby association with nature with activities, for example, species personality and indigenous information on specific wonders. The degree of association related with the travel industry then again is seen to be shallow as meager is gained from nature. In certain zones, journeys are led utilizing vehicles making it hard for travelers to connect intimately with nature. In spite of the previously mentioned contrasts, similitudes additionally exist among ecotourism and different types of the travel industry like economical the travel industry, experience the travel industry among others. As a matter of first importance, both perceive the earth as the principle practical unit. Exercises created from both are ecologically related as it frames the principle highlight. Scuba jumping, nature seeing, taking an interest in eco-challenge exercises are simply however a couple of the exercises earth based. Also, as communicated by Anderson and Beasley, the person is the principle driver of the two ideas. These ideas areâ developed and completed by people who likewise add to their ceaseless application. This is because of the way that the human individual perceives the contiguous condition around him as it is significant for his endurance. The earth is the maker of merchandise and ventures for human utilization, and similarly goes about as an assimilator of waste delivered from human exercises that procedure last items for his utilization. Without it, people can't endure consequently the quintessence to save and ensure it. The final product of the two ideas is to make roads of presentation to chances of nature and its ensuing protection. Nature offers something other than assets. It makes a stylish inclination just as ideal airs for unwinding both intellectually and genuinely. Such open doors are made accessible through ecotourism and the travel industry. Both endeavor in to unblemished situations that are either ensured by government strategies or nearby populaces. Perfect situations are less abused or not wandered into at all and offer an incredible assortment of animal categories and environments. Both the travel industry and ecotourism

Brown, achievement: Martial arts competition :: essays research papers

A black out twinge of fervor coasted through my body that night. A trace of expectation of the coming day couldn't be smothered; yet to be overwhelmed with uneasiness would not do by any stretch of the imagination. I strenuously constrained those malicious considerations from leaking in and beating my body and brain. I despite everything wonder that I dozed at such night. Be that as it may, I did. I dozed sufficiently and easily as those apprehensive thoughts crawled into my unprotected, clueless psyche, stealing my quiet levelheadedness. At the point when I got up revived, I discovered my brain amassing with scrambled invigoration. The adrenaline was streaming as of now. After a fast breakfast, I arranged a portion of my apparatus and took off. The vehicle ride of two hours appeared to be just a couple of seconds as I attempted to reestablish request in my disorganized awareness and spotlight my brain on the day preceding me. My musings floated to the unclear shadows of my memory. My opponent’s name was John Doe. There were different contenders at the competition, however they had never represented any danger to my title. For whatever length of time that I had contended in this competition, I had effortlessly taken the dark belt title in my division. John, in any case, was the most wonderful military craftsman I had ever had the pleasure of seeing at my young age of thirteen. What's more, he was in my division. Despite the fact that he was a similar position, age, size, and weight as I, he outperformed me in pretty much every part of our preparation. His feet were lightning, and his hands were basically undetectable in their coordinated quickness. He used the intensity of a bear while showing up no bigger than I. His structure and strategies were executed with close to flawlessness. In spite of the fact that I had never crushed his perfection, triumph didn't appear to be unreachable. For despite the fact that he was exceptional, he was very little more skilled than I. I am not saying that he was not gifted or even that he was not more talented than I, for he definitely was, yet just very little more than I. I despite everything had one expectation, anyway little, of vanquishing this fantastic enemy, for John had one shortcoming: he was languid. He didn’t appreciate rehearsing extended periods of time or buckling down. He didn’t need to. By the by, I had discovered my entry to triumph. My psyche hustled significantly more distant back to all my different disappointments. I should concede that my record was not extremely amazing.

Tips for Reaching Your Goals When You Have PTSD

Tips for Reaching Your Goals When You Have PTSD PTSD Coping Print Tips for Reaching Your Goals When You Have PTSD Behavioral activation can help you reconnect with joyful experiences By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on June 24, 2019 Yuri Arcurs/Creative RF/Getty Images More in PTSD Coping Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions PTSD and the Military You can learn how to be more active in your life to create experiences that bring you joy - even as youre dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). When people feel depressed or anxious, they may be less likely to do the things they enjoy. Behavioral activation is a way to bring some joy back into your life by being a more active participant. The goal of behavioral activation is simple. It teaches people how to be more active in areas of their life that are pleasurable and enjoyable. Being more connected and involved with these experiences can improve your mood. Behavioral activation is easy. Follow the steps below to identify the goals and activities you want to accomplish so you can get started on your new, more active and positive lifestyle as soon as possible. How to Reach Your Life Goals When Suffering From PTSD Identify your goals. Come up with a list of several short- and long-term goals that you would like to accomplish. These goals can have a definite end-point (for example, getting a new job) or may be ongoing (for example, being a more giving person).Next, identify smaller activities. Focus on things you can complete each week that are going to take you closer to the goals that you identify. For example, if you want to be a more giving person, you might want to choose an activity that involves volunteer work or giving to a charity.Document. On a sheet of paper, write down all the activities you want to complete for a certain week. Also, indicate how many times you want to do the activity and for how long. For example, someone who writes down exercise as an activity may also write down that they want to exercise three times a week for at least half an hour.Track your progress. When you have completed a goal for that week, place a checkmark next to the activity to indicate its completion .Celebrate success. If you complete all your goals for a certain week, reward yourself. Give yourself credit for being more active and getting closer to meeting your life goals.Capitalize on momentum. Each week, build upon the previous week. Carry activities over from week to week. If there are certain activities that you want to make into a habit (for example, weekly exercise), repetition is important.Enjoy. Practice gratitude and be fully present in your new, more active and enjoyable lifestyle. Tips   Go for variety. When coming up with goals and activities, variety is key. Choose goals and activities from a number of different life areas, such as those that involve relationships, education, career, hobbies, spirituality, and health.Focus on fun. The purpose of behavioral activation is to improve your mood, not stress you out even more. Come up with activities that you find enjoyable.Start out slow. In the first couple of weeks, come up with a list of activities that you know you can easily accomplish and then slowly build from there. Coming up with too many activities in the first week can be challenging and stressful, making it less likely that you will meet your goals.Review your progress. If you decide to use a form to keep track of your goals, hold onto forms from weeks past. Each month, review the progress you have made in getting closer to reaching your goals.Commit, but be flexible. Finally, commit to completing the activities you choose from week to week. But remember tha t there are going to be times when other pressing needs take precedence over these activities. If you find that you are unable to complete your goals for a certain week, take a look back at the week and identify any obstacles that prevented you from doing so. Problem-solve how to side-step those obstacles next time they present themselves.

Research Pharmacotherapy For Neurological Disorders - 275 Words

Research Pharmacotherapy For Neurological Disorders (Essay Sample) Content: Pharmacotherapy For Neurological DisordersStudent NameInstitutional AffiliationNEUROLOGICAL DISORDERSDementia is a global deficiency characterized by loss of cognitive function- for example, memory loss, the decline in intellectual ability, personality shifts, and poor judgment. Forgetfulness becomes dementia when it moves from being a norm. It can, however, be found in all ethnic communities and can be caused by conditions that affect brain functions (Mehrotra Wagner, 2013). Jain (2012) says that it is a common deficiency of cortical functions without gross obscuring of cognizance. Conventional conditions causing dementia include Alzheimers disease (AD), vascular dementia, drug induced dementia, chronic medical conditions, and depression. The common type of dementia is AD (Mehrotra Wagner, 2013).Patients suffering from dementia can be treated using antidepressant drugs. This not only makes them overcome their depression but also makes them improve cerebral functionin g (Sigelman Rider, 2014). A combination of psychotherapy and different treatment proves the most efficient way to treat patients.One of the predominant typecasts of aging is amnesia. Although people of all ages forget things, if an old person forgets then it is attributed to aging (Mehrotra Wagner, 2013). Although dementia is not part of normal being, the rates increase steadily with age (Sigelman Rider, 2014). When someone has Alzheimers disease (AD), he/she just knows he will forget things. This advances as a person ages.Alzheimers disease strikes people at the later decades of life. It is caused by the loss of connections between neurons, deterioration, and death of neurons leading to decreasing mental functioning. There is no cure for AD despite the availability of several drugs. The drugs may have a temporary and partial relief from the progression of the disease, but neither drug treatments nor behavioral treatments have been well studie...

Descriptive Essay On Zombies - 1640 Words

I detect dead people everywhere. No, I spot zombies. They walk aimlessly down the street as well as swerving into my lane on the motorway. They seem like they’re under a spell. Is it a witch or some other creature trying to control these people? Suddenly, I see they have something in their hands where their eyes won’t lose focus. They don’t care if there is a car coming or who is walking past them, their gaze won’t be interrupted for even one second. Rectangular-shaped, touch screen objects, also known as smartphones are controlling these people with their unknown effecting power which causes these ‘zombies’ to lose connection from their natural surroundings by forming an â€Å"antisocial bubble† around them. This kind of behaviour is slowly†¦show more content†¦It is very rare to find a family that sets down the technology for an hour to have a meaningful â€Å"family sit down.’’ The technology did help us human s to connect to our old friends who live on the other side of the world but also it has a created a divide between people who are close to us. Call me an old timer, but I’m concerned about technology’s impact on the human condition. I remember the B.C. era (â€Å"Before Cell Phone†). We made eye contact, we made conversation. We talked to strangers. We talked to friends. Today? We make more eye contact with our phone’s camera lens (selfies!), while human-to-human conversation is at historic lows. We’re so concerned about the email that arrived two minutes before that we may not notice the car that’s swerving onto the sidewalk. Our â€Å"fear of missing out† has become a â€Å"fear of missing (the recent) update.† I’m guilty of this for sure, I’m quick to check for the latest email or the recent Facebook Like. Technology has created this constant anxiety of â€Å"staying on top of things,† as if there’s value in viewing an email minutes after it arrives. That’s why some people sleep with their phone by their side, inviting it to buzz on each new message. When you disrupt sleep, you disrupt the human condition. When you’re at an interaction with a technological device for e.g. a mobile phone for an extended period of time, you don’tShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay About Zombies1687 Words   |  7 PagesI see dead people everywhere. No, I see zombies. They walk aimlessly down the street and swerve into my lane on the motorway. They seem like they’re under a spell. Is it a witch or some other creature trying to control these people? Suddenly, I see they have something in their hands where their eyes won’t lose focus. They don’t care if there is a car coming or who is walking past them, their gaze won’t be interrupted for even on e second. Rectangular-shaped, touch screen objects, also known as smartphonesRead MoreThe Representational View Of Consciousness1450 Words   |  6 Pagesyou agree with this view or not? Why? Introduction This essay is on the representational view of consciousness, which is I admit one that I have had great difficulties coming to terms with as a viewpoint. I can relate with functionalism defining mental states as what they do but I agree they don’t solve the hard problem of consciousness. Representationalism seems to define the metal state or phenomenal property as what it represents. This essay mainly looks at Chalmers article â€Å"The RepresentationalRead MoreWhat is functionalism? Critically assess its main advantages and disadvantages.3994 Words   |  16 Pagessecond type of functionalism, defended by David Armstrong and David Lewis, involves a causal theory of mind. Mental states are defined by a common sense understanding of the situations in which they appear and the behavior that is elicited. In his essay Mad Pain and Martian Pain, Lewis hypothesizes about two kinds of beings which experience pain differently than normal humans. In the case of mad pain, the subject experiences pain when doing moderate exercise on an empty stomach; further it improves

Gender Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper and A Streetcar...

Many different depictions of gender roles exist in all times throughout the history of American culture and society. Some are well received and some are not. When pitted against each other for all intents and purposes of opposition, the portrayal of the aspects and common traits of masculinity and femininity are separated in a normal manner. However, when one gender expects the other to do its part and they are not satisfied with the results and demand more, things can shift from normal to extreme fairly quickly. This demand is more commonly attributed by the men within literary works. Examples of this can be seen in Tennessee Williams â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†, where Stella is constantly being pushed around and being abused by her†¦show more content†¦The pattern of the wallpaper is also significant because in a manner of speaking, it symbolizes solitary confinement and it is almost like the room she is in is one resembling one seen in a mental institution, or could also be considered to be a jail cell and the woman had been put behind bars; both cases would involve desperately trying to find some way to escape and declare her freedom. Soon after her imprisonment, and soon after her convincing herself there is another woman lurking within who is behind the bars of the yellow wallpaper, the situation being seen as reminiscent of a would-be prisoners captivity. When she herself desires to get out, demonstrated by her â€Å"getting angry enough to do something desperate† (Gilman 1694), she shows strength and determination, which are typically very masculine traits. However, they are dismissed with her later display of her own expected feminine traits, such as codependency. When she tries to break free by opening the door, she cannot and keeps telling her husband John, â€Å"The key is under a plantain leaf!† (Gilman 1695), alerting him to retrieve it to unlock the door, and at long last when she breaks free, she celebrates, say ing â€Å"Ive got out at last† (Gilman 1695), declaring her victory over a force that kept her from the world.Show MoreRelatedLooking Back Upon Civil Rights, WomenS Campaign For Suffrage1250 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom all levels of society entering the public sphere and becoming self advocates. In 1892, Charlotte Perkins Gilman authored The Yellow Wallpaper, a piece that symbolically represented the era. By the 1940s women had gained the right to vote and had begun to work, much to the chagrin of men. In 1947 Tennessee Williams produced his classic play A Streetcar Named Desire. While similar in their quest to bring women’s struggles to the forefront, clashing eras resulted in different literary products.Read MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams1644 Words   |  7 Pagesa social life, and take care of my kids while being a supportive wife,† a modern woman would say. Throughout American literature and history, the role of a â€Å"traditional womanà ¢â‚¬  was vacuous- to stay at home, to cook, to clean, and to take care of the children. Today, that stereotypical role is no longer a strong foundation for their lifestyle. Women’s role in America has changed overtime because they are no longer dependent on men, discarded in the workforce, or seen as voiceless and depreciated.

The Importance Of Special Education For Students With...

Special education is considered to be a relatively new field within education, with true recognition of student’s disabilities occurring around the 1900’s (Frost Kersten, 2011). Up until that time, students with disabilities were viewed with superstition and fear. As the public became more passionate about students with disabilities and with the passage of Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, the stage was set for providing equal opportunities for education of all children. Additional court cases in the 1970’s across the nation helped ensure that states were obligated under federal law to provide equality and free and appropriate education for students with disabilities (Frost Kersten, 2011). With the rise of educational laws, guidelines, and polices within the field of special education, leaders are faced with the task of providing appropriate education for all learners within their building. Principals have evolved from disciplinarians and managers to i nstructional leaders, which includes more complex and demanding responsibilities (Lynch, 2012). Additionally, the passage of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) have further highlighted the need for principals to step up as instructional leaders for special education as well as the general curriculum (Lynch, 2012). Accountability measures have solidified the importance of the principal within this role. According to McHatton, Boyer, and Terry (2010), currentShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Education for Children with Disability Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesEducation and Disability INTRODUCTION The importance of education for all children, especially for those with disability and with limited social and economic opportunities, is indisputable. Indeed, the special education system allowed children with disability increased access to public education. Apart from that, the special education system has provided for them an effective framework for their education, and for the institutions involved to identify children with disability sooner. In turn, thisRead MoreInstructional Strategies For Students With Intellectual Disabilities771 Words   |  4 PagesThe third research sub-question in this study described special education teachers’ instructional strategies for using the iPad as an instructional tool to enhance the teaching and learning process for elementary learners with intellectual disabilities. Students with intellectual disabilities poses a vast range of challenges to special education teachers when using the iPad as an instructional tool to enhance the teachi ng and learning process in classrooms. Using the iPad as an instructional toolRead MoreThe Historical Foundation Of People With Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesFoundation: The historical foundation of people with disability has evolved from a place where people with disabilities were hidden away to present time being involved member of their community. disability. One of the first changes for people with disabilities was the Kennedy Era of 1960. President Kennedy used his platform to challenge the quality of life of people with disabilities. When his MR panel found a non-existing care for people with disabilities, their was a removal of mental institutions forRead MoreHandbook Of Leadership And Administration For Special Education992 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Administration for Special Education. New York, NY: Routledge. Text Purpose The authors have organized this handbook into five sections that address critical issues in special education leadership. The first section focuses on general topics related to leadership for learning. These areas include the importance of raising the performance of all students in an era of accountability, historical and conceptual issues in leading and administrating special education, professional leadership standardsRead MoreFamily Participation And Child Needs Special Education1509 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvement play a crucial role when the child needs special education. This essay will discuss the importance of family participation and impacts of family participation in special education. Firstly, the essay will briefly describe what challenges special need children face, secondly, the essay will discuss key terms in the literature about the importance of family participation in education program and importance of parents in inclusive education and their benefits. Finally , the assay will be concludedRead More Technology Needs in the Special Education Secondary Classroom1370 Words   |  6 Pagesof technology within the special education classroom is lacking. Special education class rooms and resource settings utilize only the basic, out of date technology that has been in use for many years. Typically the only available technology made available to special education or resource settings are the overhead projector, television, and tape recorder. According to the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (2009), seventy-five percent of students with disabilities rarely or never use computersRead MoreHow Special Education Has Changed Today s Society800 Words   |  4 Pagesinsights on how special education has changed in the past 31 years. People are now becoming more aware and accepting of children with disabilities when at one time others were uneducated and uncertain. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) once named Education for All Handicapped Children Act allows children with disabilities to be educated within public schools for free. Due to IDEA, children are no longer educated within residential centers, hospitals, homes, or special schools (FreibergRead MoreUnderstanding Special Education Essay example1239 Words   |  5 Pages Understanding Special Education Introduction Education is a birthright of every child. Special education involves the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses a students’ individual disabilities and requirements. These programs are designed so that special learners may learn skills which will assist them in coming closer in learning to children without disabilities. The field of special education has moved from a perspective of protection and caretaking to an emphasis onRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesstructuring the education system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of students with special needs in the general education classroom . The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools throughout the United States rages on. The number of students with special needs thatRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities1173 Words   |  5 Pagesstructuring the education system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of studen ts with special needs in the general education classroom. The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools throughout the United States rages on. The number of students with special needs that

Religious Beliefs Of The Greeks - 1863 Words

In ancient times, the Greeks had absolute and undeniable respect for their gods. They demonstrated their admiration by putting in place many rituals and celebrations to reverence the gods that they loved and feared in order to ensure harmony with them. In particular, the focus will be on the religious beliefs of the Greeks and how they affected Homer and his masterpiece The Iliad. This includes prayer and sacrifice, as well as what cultural meanings had to do with history. These aspects of their religion made a significant contribution to their quality of life. Contributions such as those helped men like Homer write his masterpieces which provided a better understand of events for historians like the Trojan War. The ancient Greeks practiced a religion that was in effect, a building block to many ensuing pagan religions. This religion revolved around their reverence to the gods. Essentially, the Greeks worshipped numerous gods, making their religion polytheistic. They believed that exercising the opportunity to choose between a wide variety gods to worship offered them a great sense of freedom. After all, the Greeks were known for their intellectual distinction of which their means of worship played a huge part. Each city-state had an affiliated god who protected and guided its residents. In each city-state, the belief in common gods unified the people. Ultimately, the Greeks yearned for this unity and order in the universe, which is a characteristic that is not unlike thatShow MoreRelatedThe Hellenistic Age And Classical Age952 Words   |  4 Pagesto describe the spread of culture from the Greek civilization that developed after the reign of Alexander the Great. How does the Hellenistic Ag e differ from the Classical Age? The Classical Age, referred to as Hellenic Greek, was founded in 507 B.C.E. and concluded in 323 B.C.E. The Hellenistic Age was founded in 323 B.C.E. and concluded in 31 B.C.E. after the reign of Alexander the Great. The Classical Age was ruled by the Greek civilization in Greek city states and their territories. The HellenisticRead MoreGreek Mythology And Its Impact On Modern Culture1055 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Greek Mythology and has had a significant impact on our history and mythology helped shed light to it’s culture, religion, and government of ancient Greece. The Mediterranean has served as a vessel for the early civilizations., Greek mythology has influenced the life style and religion of the Greeks, especially because Greek mythology served as the primary basis of Greek belief, it became the nearest thing the Greeks had to a holy bible.1 These mythologies served as the center of Greek lifeRead MoreReligious And Political Conflicts In Dantes Inferno1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe 14th century is marked by various religious and political conflicts. Specifically, Italy experienced major civil discord as emperors, popes, and elite families sought governmental control. It is within these tense times that Dante lived and wrote his poetic masterpiece, Commedia. Although little is known for certain about Dante, scholars believe he was born in 1265 and lived in Florence for the majority of his adult life. While Dante was by no means poor, his family was not wealthy enough toRead MoreEssay on Christianity vs. Greek Mythology1309 Words   |  6 PagesChristians and Greeks. Both have similarities and differences in their religious beliefs that have been compared often and I have chosen to discuss the similarities and differences of Christianity and ancient Greek mythology. Christianity is a monotheistic religion, or belief in only one God, and spiritual practices are based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as written in the New Testament of the Bible, with the role of Jesus as savior and the Son of God. Greek mythology isRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Ancient Greece1103 Words   |  5 Pagestheir entire lives around their religious beliefs. These beliefs led to their religious practices which were included in every aspect of their lives. Since ancient Greece’s and ancient Egypt’s beliefs differ greatly, endless differences can be shown between their religious practices. However, between the two cultures, many surprising similarities can be seen in these religious practices despite the tremendous differences. Through learning about where their religious beliefs and practices started, theRead MoreHeritage Assessment Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pages Linda Gobin August 06, 2013 Heritage Assessment This paper will assess and discuss the usefulness of applying the Heritage Assessment tool to evaluate three different families each one from different cultural backgrounds consisting of Greek, Italian, and Hispanic ethnicities. This paper will also compare similarities and differences related to health maintenance, health protection and health restoration and the cultural uniqueness of each individual interviewed. The Heritage AssessmentRead MoreHow Did The Religion Of Ancient Greeks Played A Role?1201 Words   |  5 PagesKenzay Rivers Ms. Finney How did the religion of ancient Greeks played a role in their daily lives? 10 November 2016 How did the religion of ancient Greeks played a role in their daily lives? In the ancient Greek world, religion was personal, direct, and present in its citizens’ daily lives. During this time, they participated in animal sacrifices and offerings, created myths to explain the beginning of the human race and gave reverence to their gods by building temples which controlled theRead MoreThe Evolution of Religion Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe evolution of religion. To see where we started and perhaps, gain some perspective into what is happening now and what may happen in the future. Early Man As far as archeologists have been able to research, they have found evidence of religious faith and practice. In Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherer societies fear and awe of the natural world, as well as gratitude and empathy of it, is well represented in the cave art found around the globe. Archeologists have also found evidence of burialRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Religion1315 Words   |  6 Pages The Greek and Roman religions were the two major religions that were established in the ancient world. Greek religion was the first to be recognized and instituted, followed by the Roman religion. Many people believed that the Romans mimicked the Greek religion; however this was a common misconception, even though they appeared to be the same there are many distinctions between the Romans and the Greeks. Even the similarities between the two religions had slight distinctions, like their gods, theyRead MoreSimilarities in the Artwork of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece941 Words   |  4 Pageswealthy, clever, creative and powerful enough to gain supplies, but they all find a way to create art with what they had. They have all influenced on each other’s cultures and belief through their artistic values and ways, ranging from the materials and tools they use, position and representation of their monuments and their religious intent. Mesopotamia’s first invention was a form of writing called cuneiform which was written on clay tablets with a sharp reed called a stylus. This permitted for recording

Facts, Fiction and Passionate Essay Samples

Facts, Fiction and Passionate Essay Samples This text will function as a national honor society essay example and will demonstrate one of the feasible methods to write it correctly. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you will need to contact. While it's the case that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely difficult to write. When you receive a task done from us you will return again if you need assistance with another one of your essays. The type of essay you're looking for will be offered to you within the deadline offered to you. It is possible to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. Just as with any other kind of essays, a discursive essay has three primary pieces. The Basics of Passionate Essay Samples A conclusion is, without doubt, the most essential portion of the argumentative essay since you can either support the superior impression or destroy it entirely. Bear in mind, you should create a great impression. Lastly, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop. Plus, it's going assist the interviewer to remember you. Employers may not refuse to employ an experienced worker whose employment authorization expires at a subsequent date. Many people have a tendency to think that eradicating illegal immigration is impossible and that it ca nnot get the job done. Illegal immigration has been an issue for the usa for a very long moment. Illegal immigration can be repealed in the event the government takes the appropriate measures. Choose a passion which you're actively involved with in some manner. Be certain you understand enough about the passion to supply some additional info. Consider what sorts of follow-up questions you may get based on your passion, and be ready to answer them. Passion is a significant element in each soul on earth. If you want more inspiration, here's what you may also check out. In reality, enjoying life and savoring everything you do along the path to your passion is a significant region of the experience. Love, is the strongest emotion, and it appears to engender in many people an exciting mindset. The Basics of Passionate Essay Samples Also, using the term madrigal' in line 8 implies that the time is all about the 16th Century, that's when madrigals were favoured in many places in England. You are likely to love our work. Stories are an essential part of the human experience. Allow it to sit for a couple days untouched. You'll observe a similar structure in several of the essays. PaperCoach will be able to help you with all your papers, so take a look at this time! It may also often get interchanged with different forms of essays. 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Valuation Report General Electric

Question: Discuss about the Valuation Report General Electric. Answer: Introduction Valuation implies the process of estimating the worth of something. In regards to the valuation of firm, it is the value of firms assets that is put under consideration in the valuation exercise. The valuation of the firms assets is a challenging task because it involves application of various techniques and different perceptions (Kruschwitz and Loeffler, 2006). It is to be noted that the value of firms assets could be determined differently by different people pursuing different purposes. For example, the valuation of the firms assets may be required for the purposes of computation of income tax liability or it may be required for computation of sales price in case of merger and acquisitions. Thus, it is in effective the purpose that is required to be kept in mind while carrying out the valuation of the firm (Kruschwitz and Loeffler, 2006). Further, there are various techniques and methods which are applied in valuation such as net assets method, earnings growth rate method, discounted free cash flow method. These methods involve application of different methodologies, for example, net assets method computes the value of asset based on the balance figures (Larrabee Voss, 2012). However, the balance sheet figures can also be adjusted in the light of market values. Further, the earnings growth rate method provides for valuation of the firm based in the estimation of future earnings of the firm. In the same manner, the discounted cash flow method provides for computation of the value of firm based on the present value of the free cash flows. Among these all methods, the discounting of free cash flows is the most commonly applied method for the purpose of valuation of the firm (Larrabee Voss, 2012). In the context developed above, the report presented here covers the valuation of General Electric Company, which operates for infrastructure development and generation and distribution of electricity (General Electric, 2016). The valuation of the company has been carried out by applying the discounting of free cash flows to the firm. Further, two analytical techniques have been adopted in computing the value of the company. In the first technique, the value of overall company has been computed by taking the free cash flows to the company. In the second technique, the free cash flows to the equity have been computed separately and the value of equity has been arrived based on discounted value of the free cash flows attributable to the equity holders. Growth and Cash Flow Projections Computation of free cash flows and growth rate is the primary step in the valuation process. The free cash flows represent cash flows generated by the business after meeting all the spending requirements. Thus, the free cash flows represent the amount available with the company to infuse in the expansion activities (Wahlen, Baginski, Bradshaw, 2014). In other words, the free cash flows also represent the resources available with the company to enhance the value of the shareholders and therefore, the use of cash flows is considered the most suitable to compute the value of firm. The firms value is computed by discounting the future expected free cash flows by the appropriate discount rate. Thus, there are two most critical elements that play essential role in determining the value of the firm those elements are future expected cash flows and discount rate (Wahlen, Baginski, Bradshaw, 2014). The computation of future expected cash flows involves analysis of the past cash flows of the firm and determination of the expected growth rate that can be perceived to be maintained in future. The past years cash flows are taken as the basis to estimate the future cash flows applying the future expected growth rate. In regards to use of past years cash flows, it is always advisable to use of the average figures (Wahlen, Baginski, Bradshaw, 2014). For example, in the case of valuation of General Electric, the average of past five years cash flows can used to determine the future expected cash flows. After arriving at the average past free cash flows, it becomes essential to compute the future growth to determine the future expected cash flows. The computations in regards to General Electric have been shown below. Average Free Cash Flows General Electric: Past five Year Free Cash Flows for Firm 2016 ($M) 2015 ($M) 2014 ($M) 2013 ($M) 2012 ($M) Earnings before interest and tax 14,055.00 11,649.00 26,711.00 26,267.00 29,788.00 Less: Tax @35% 4,919.25 4,077.15 9,348.85 9,193.45 10,425.80 After tax EBIT 9,135.75 7,571.85 17,362.15 17,073.55 19,362.20 Add: Depreciation and amortizations 4,997.00 4,847.00 9,283.00 9,762.00 9,192.00 Add/Less: Decrease (increase) in GE current receivables 1,514.00 383.00 (1,913.00) (485.00) (879.00) Add/Less: Decrease (increase) in inventories (1,389.00) (314.00) (872.00) (1,368.00) (1,274.00) Add/Less: Increase (decrease) in accounts payable 1,198.00 (541.00) 305.00 360.00 (437.00) Add/Less: Increase (decrease) in GE progress collections 1,836.00 (996.00) (515.00) 1,893.00 (920.00) Total 17,291.75 10,950.85 23,650.15 27,235.55 25,044.20 Less: Capital expenditure (2,775.00) (4,289.00) (7,465.00) (7,575.00) (8,935.00) Free cash flows to the firm 14,516.75 6,661.85 16,185.15 19,660.55 16,109.20 Average 16,617.91 Note: In the year 2015 company incurred net loss of $6,145 million and the free cash flows of the company are also deviating from the normal trend. Therefore, the year 2015 has been considered as abnormal and hence ignored in computing average free cash flows. The free cash flows as computed above shows that the company has capability to produce $16,618 million cash flows on a per year basis. It could be observed that the free cash flows to the firm include the cash flows generated for the debt holders also, beside the equity. However, the free cash flows for equity are computed after deducting the re-payments of debt. Further, in computing the free cash flows for equity, the net earnings attributable to equity are taken into consideration rather than EBIT. In respect of General Electric, the computation of free cash flows for equity is shown in the table given below: General Electric: Past Five Year Free Cash Flows for Equity 2016 ($M) 2015 ($M) 2014 ($M) 2013 ($M) 2012 ($M) Net earnings (loss) attributable to GE common shareowners 8,176.00 (6,145.00) 15,233.00 13,057.00 13,641.00 Add: Depreciation and amortizations 4,997.00 4,847.00 9,283.00 9,762.00 9,192.00 Add/Less: Decrease (increase) in GE current receivables 1,514.00 383.00 (1,913.00) (485.00) (879.00) Add/Less: Decrease (increase) in inventories (1,389.00) (314.00) (872.00) (1,368.00) (1,274.00) Add/Less: Increase (decrease) in accounts payable 1,198.00 (541.00) 305.00 360.00 (437.00) Add/Less: Increase (decrease) in GE progress collections 1,836.00 (996.00) (515.00) 1,893.00 (920.00) Total 16,332.00 (2,766.00) 21,521.00 23,219.00 19,323.00 Less: Capital expenditure (2,775.00) (4,289.00) (7,465.00) (7,575.00) (8,935.00) Free cash flows to the firm 13,557.00 (7,055.00) 14,056.00 15,644.00 10,388.00 Less: Net Debt payments (1,135.00) (24,459.00) (6,112.00) (14,230.00) (2,231.00) Free cash flows for equity 12,422.00 (31,514.00) 7,944.00 1,414.00 8,157.00 Average 7,484.25 Note: In the year 2015 company incurred net loss of $6,145 million and the free cash flows of the company are also deviating from the normal trend. Therefore, the year 2015 has been considered as abnormal and hence ignored in computing average free cash flows. It could be observed that the company has the ability to generate free cash flows of an amount of $7,484.25 million on per annum basis. Estimations of Growth The growth rate has been computed at two stages. At the first stage the variable growth rate (discrete cash flows) has been computed and at the second stage, the stable growth rate has been calculated. It is assumed that the free cash flows of the firm will grow at rate computed at the first stage for the next 10 years and then the growth would stabilize at the rate computed at the second stage. Estimation of a discrete cash flow growth (First Stage): ROE*Retention ratio Year Net profit for equity ($M) Equity ($M) ROE (%) Retention ratio Growth rate 2012 13,641.00 128,430.00 10.62% 49.28% 5.23% 2013 13,057.00 136,783.00 9.55% 41.06% 3.92% 2014 15,233.00 136,833.00 11.13% 5.32% 0.59% 2015 (6,145.00) 100,138.00 -6.14% 0.00% 0.00% 2016 8,176.00 77,491.00 10.55% 7.00% 0.74% Average growth of past five years 2.10% Note: It is assumed that for the next 10 years, the free cash flows of the company will grow at the average rate computed above. The growth rate as arrived at the first stage is 2.10% which is computed using return on equity and the retention ratio. The second stage growth rate has been calculated with reference to the growth in the gross domestic product as shown below: Year GDP ($M) (World Bank, 2017) Growth rate 2012 16155255 2013 16691517 3.32% 2014 17393103 4.20% 2015 18036648 3.70% 2016 18415418 2.10% Average GDP growth rate 3.33% It could be observed that the average growth rate of gross domestic product of the United States has been 3.33% in the past five years. In the long term, the company can not grow more rapidly than the overall economy; therefore, it is assumed that the growth rate of General Electricity in the long run would be 2.50% i.e. is less the average GDP growth rate. Estimated Future Free Cash Flows Using the average free cash flows of past years and the growth rates as computed above, the free cash flows for the next 10 years and the terminal value have been computed as shown in the table given below: Estimated Free cash flows for firm Year FCFF ($M) Remarks 2017 16,966.35 16617.91*(1+2.10%) 2018 17,322.10 ------Do--------- 2019 17,685.31 2020 18,056.13 2021 18,434.72 2022 18,821.26 2023 19,215.90 2024 19,618.81 2025 20,030.18 2026 20,450.16 Terminal cash flows 21,131.29 21131.29*(1+3.33%) Estimated Free cash flows for equity Year FCFF ($M) Remarks 2017 7,641.18 7484.25*(1+2.10%) 2018 7,801.40 -----Do---------- 2019 7,964.97 2020 8,131.98 2021 8,302.49 2022 8,476.58 2023 8,654.31 2024 8,835.77 2025 9,021.04 2026 9,210.19 Terminal cash flows 9,516.95 9210.19*(1+3.33%) Determination of Discounting Rate The future expected free cash flows of General Electric have been computed as shown in the above section. Now, the next step is to determine the appropriate discount rate to calculate the present value of these cash flows. The appropriateness of the discount rate would depend upon the fact that whether the cash flows for the firm are used or cash flows for equity are used. When the valuation is carried out using the cash flows to the firm, the appropriate discount rate is weighted average cost of capital (Pratt Grabowski, 2010). However, in case when the cash flows to equity are used, the cost of equity is considered to be appropriate discount rate. The weighted average cost of capital represents the cost of using all the capital resources which includes both the debt as well as the equity (Pratt Grabowski, 2010). However, the cost of equity represents the cost of using equity funds only. For the purpose of computation of weighted average cost of capital, it is essential to work out the cost of equity and cost of debt. The cost of debt can be computed by referring to the interest cost and the total amount of outstanding debt. However, the computation of cost of equity is not that simple (Pratt Grabowski, 2010). There are various considerations and different perceptions of the people about the cost of equity. Few consider dividend as the primary factor for computation of cost of equity and others relate it to the market risk premium on the stock. The dividend growth model provides solution to those who prefer dividend and capital asset pricing model provides solution for those who consider that market risk premium drives cost of equity (Pratt Grabowski, 2010). The dividend growth rate model is applied to compute the intrinsic value of the stock. The calculation of intrinsic value as per this model is carried out with the help of expected dividend, cost of equity, and the growth rate (Shapiro, 2008). This model provides that discounting the values of dividend to be received in future at the cost of equity would yield the intrinsic value. The dividend growth rate model assumes that the dividend will growth in future at the rate that is currently prevailing and it further assumes that the cost of equity will remain constant (Shapiro, 2008). This model provides following formula to calculate the intrinsic value of the stock: Intrinsic Value of Stock= D1/(Ke-g) Here, D1 is the expected dividend, Ke is the cost of equity, and g is the dividend growth rate (Shapiro, 2008). This formula can also be applied in computing the cost of equity. The cost of equity can be calculated if the expected dividend and growth is available and current prevailing price of the stock is assumed to be the intrinsic value of the stock. The cost of equity of General Electric by applying the dividend growth rate model has been computed as under: Cost of Equity: Dividend model A. Market Price of Stock (Po) (Yahoo Finance, 2017) 30.02 B. Expected dividend 0.998 C. Growth rate of dividend 7.36% D. Cost of Equity 10.69% Dividend growth rate Year Dividend per share ($) 2012 0.700 2013 0.890 2014 0.890 2015 0.920 2016 0.930 Growth Rate 7.36% Further, apart from dividend growth rate model, there is another most widely used model for computation of capital assets pricing model. The capital asset pricing model computes the expected return by using risk free rate of return, risk premium, and systematic risk. The CAPM model is based on the analogy that the investor would want as minimum return that equals the risk free rate plus the premium for risk (Sharifzadeh, 2010). Further, the premium for risk is also adjusted for the systematic risk which is represented by beta of the security. The beta measures volatility of the securitys return in comparison to the overall market return. The CAPM return is computed using the following formula: CAPM= Rf + Beta (Rm-Rf) Here, Rm is the market return and Rf is the risk free rate of return In respect of General Electric, the CAPM return has been computed as under: Cost of Equity: CAPM model A. Risk free rate (CNBC, 2017) 2.38% B. Market rate of return (SP500 2016 return) 15% C. Beta (Yahoo Finance, 2017) 1.1 D. CAPM 16.66% It could be observed that the cost of equity of the company by applying the dividend growth rate model is 10.69% while as per CAPM model it is 16.66%. It depicts that when dividend is considered as the primary parameter, the company seems less risk, however, when the stock price is taken as basis, the company appears to be more risky. Considering these fluctuations in the cost of equity arrived under two different models, it is advisable to use average for the purpose of computation of weighted average cost of capital. The average cost of equity is worked out to be 13.67%. Besides the cost of equity, two other important elements of weighted average cost of capital are cost of debt and cost of preferred stock (Pratt Grabowski, 2010). In respect of General Electric, it has been observed that preferred stock is negligible and hence it has been ignored in computing the weighted average cost of capital (General Electric, 2016). The cost of debt has been computed as under: Cost of debt: Net finance cost ($M) 5,025.00 Less: Tax @35% 1,758.75 After tax cost of debt 3,266.25 Borrowings amount 135,794.00 After tax cost of debt (%) [3517.50/135794] 2.41% The after tax cost of debt of General Electric has been worked out to be 2.41%. Further, it is essential to work out the market value weights to compute the weighted average cost of capital, which is shown below: Market Value Weights Debt Equity Total Market value of equity shares ($M) (Yahoo Finance, 2017) 261,440.00 Add: Retained Earnings 139,532.00 Value of debt (short term borrowings+ long term borrowings) 135,794.00 Total 135,794.00 400,972.00 536,766.00 Weights 0.25 0.75 It could be observed that the market value of companys common stock has been taken based on the current prevailing price of the stock. Further, since, most of debt of the company is in the form of borrowings from banks and financial institutions, therefore, the value of debt has been taken as per the latest audited statement of financial position (General Electric, 2016). Considering the above shown calculations in respect of cost of equity, cost of debt, and market value weights; the weighted average cost of capital of the company is worked out as under: Weighted Average Cost of Capital Debt Ordinary Shares Total Cost of Finance 2.41% 13.67% Market Weights 0.25 0.75 WACC 0.61% 10.21% 10.82% Final Valuation of Equity Shares The two crucial steps of valuation of the firm such as calculation of free cash flows and discount rate have been completed. Now, the final step is to compute the value of firm and value of equity by applying present value technique. In order to compute the value of firm, the calculation of present value is divided in two parts such as present value of discrete cash flows and present value of terminal cash flows (Larrabee Voss, 2012). In respect of General Electric, the value of equity has been computed under two approaches. The first approach seeks to compute value of overall firm and then the value of equity is arrived at after deducting there from the value of debt. In this approach, the free cash flows are computed for the overall firm and discounting of these cash flows is carried out at the weighted average cost of capital. The second approach seeks to compute the value of equity directly. In this approach, the free cash flows are computed for equity only and discounting of these cash flows is carried out by applying the cost of equity. In respect of General Electric, the value of equity under the first approach is arrived at as follows: Present value of discrete cash flows for next 10 years Year FCFF ($M) PVF @10.82% PV of Cash Flows ($M) 1 16,966.35 0.902 15,309.83 2 17,322.10 0.814 14,104.71 3 17,685.31 0.735 12,994.46 4 18,056.13 0.663 11,971.60 5 18,434.72 0.598 11,029.25 6 18,821.26 0.540 10,161.08 7 19,215.90 0.487 9,361.25 8 19,618.81 0.440 8,624.37 9 20,030.18 0.397 7,945.50 10 20,450.16 0.358 7,320.07 Total 108,822.12 Present value of terminal cash flows Terminal cash flows ($M) 21,131.29/ (10.82%-3.33%) 282,063.06 Total value of Firm ($M) (108,822.12+282,063.06) 390,885.18 Less: Value of Debt 135,794.00 Total value of Equity 255,091.18 No of Shares Outstanding Yahoo (Finance, 2017) 8,710.00 Per share value of value of equity (255,091.18/8,710) 29.29 The intrinsic value per equity share of General Electric as worked above is $29.29, which is approximately equal to the current prevailing price of the company. The current prevailing price of the company is $30.02 (Yahoo finance, 2017). This implies that the stock of the company is correctly valued at the moment. The value of equity of General Electric under the second approach that is taking the free cash flows for equity is arrived at as under: Present value of discrete cash flows for next 10 years Year FCFF ($M) PVF @13.67% PV of Cash Flows 1 7,641.18 0.880 6,722.25 2 7,801.40 0.774 6,037.83 3 7,964.97 0.681 5,423.09 4 8,131.98 0.599 4,870.94 5 8,302.49 0.527 4,375.01 6 8,476.58 0.464 3,929.57 7 8,654.31 0.408 3,529.49 8 8,835.77 0.359 3,170.13 9 9,021.04 0.316 2,847.37 10 9,210.19 0.278 2,557.47 Total 43,463.15 Present value of terminal cash flows Terminal cash flows 9,516.95/ (13.67%-3.33%) 92,046.11 Total value of Equity $M (43463.15+92046.11) 135,509.26 No of Shares Outstanding 8,710.00 Per share value of value of equity 15.56 It could be observed that the intrinsic value of equity share as worked above is $15.56, which is lower than the value arrived at as per the first approach. Further, this intrinsic value is also lower than the current prevailing market price, which implies that the stock is overvalued. Conclusion This report deals with the valuation of General Electric by applying the free cash method with two different approaches. Under the one approach, the overall value of the firm is computed and then the value of debt is deducted to arrive at the equity value. On the other hand, the second approach seeks to compute the value of equity directly by discounting the free cash flows for equity. From the analysis carried out in this report, it could be observed that there are three main steps to complete the valuation of a firm. These three steps are computation of free cash flows, discount rate, and the present value of the free cash flows. The computation of free cash flows involves analysis of the past trend and the estimations in regards to future growth. In regards to General Electric, it has been found out that the average free cash flows of the firm are $16,617.91 million while the average free cash flows to equity are $7,484.25 million. Further, it is estimated that these cash flows will growth at the rate of 2.10% per annum for next 10 years and then the growth rate would stabilize to 3.33% forever. Further, it has been observed that the discount rate should be selected carefully. The weighted average cost of capital is considered to be best when free cash flows to the firm are to be discounted. However, the cost of equity is taken as the discount rate when the free cash flows to equity are to be discounted. In respect of General Electric, the weighted average cost of capital has been found to be 10.82% and the cost of equity is 13.67%. Further, it has been observed that while calculating the present value, it is essential to divide the cash flows into two categories such as discrete cash flows and terminal value. This bifurcation of cash flows is necessary because different discounting parameters are applied on the discrete cash flows and the terminal value. The final value of equity of General Electric under the firm approach is arrived at $29.29 while it drops to $15.56 when computed under equity approach. References CNBC. 2017. US 10 year bond yield. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://www.cnbc.com/quotes/?symbol=US10Y General Electric. 2016. Annual report of General Electric for 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://www.ge.com/ar2016/assets/pdf/GE_AR16.pdf Kruschwitz, L. Loeffler, A. 2006. Discounted Cash Flow: A Theory of the Valuation of Firms. John Wiley Sons. Larrabee, D.T. Voss, J.A. 2012. Valuation Techniques: Discounted Cash Flow, Earnings Quality, Measures of Value Added, and Real Options. John Wiley Sons. Pratt, S.P. Grabowski, R.J. 2010. Cost of Capital: Applications and Examples. John Wiley Sons. Shapiro. 2008. Capital Budgeting and Investment Analysis. Pearson Education. Sharifzadeh, M. 2010. An Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Capital Asset Pricing Model. Universal-Publishers. Wahlen, J.M., Baginski, S.P., Bradshaw, M. 2014. Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation. Cengage Learning. World Bank. 2017. Data GDP: USA. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD Yahoo Finance. 2017. General Electric Company: Summary. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://in.finance.yahoo.com/quote/GE?p=GE Yahoo Finance. 2017. General Electric Company: Valuation Measures. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://in.finance.yahoo.com/quote/GE/key-statistics?p=GE

Napster Debate Essay Example For Students

Napster Debate Essay The Napster DebateEssay written by keith1. BackgroundThe Napster software (http://www. napster.com), launched early in 1999, allows internet users to share and download MP3 files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network. The software is used by downloading a client program from the Napster site and then connecting to the network through this software, which allows sharing (uploading and downloading) of MP3 files between all users connected to the network. While Napster does not condone copyright infringement, there is no opportunity in the software to stop this, or for royalties to be paid to artists whose songs are being duplicated for free. Unlike similar file-sharing applications (Gnutella, Freenet), Napster limits users to uploading/downloading of MP3 files only. These files are compressed wave (.wav) files. The advantage of MP3 files is that they are approximately one-tenth the size of the corresponding . wav file and can be close-to-CD-quality. It is for this reason that many artists, record labels and other music industry stakeholders are concerned by the MP3 file format and applications like Napster that simplify the sharing of copyrighted material. Other file formats in common use on the Internet are not as threatening to the recording industry; primarily due to the reduced quality of the recording. Real audio (. ra, .rm) files have reduced sound quality (comparable to radio) and are usually streamed over a different protocol, allowing people to listen to songs without having (or being able) to download the source files. Another music file format common on the internet is the midi format. These files are of no threat to the music industry because the files are not actually a recording of the music; rather a set of instructions to the computer as to what sounds to play (and there is no way to duplicate vocal tracks). This file format is also becoming outdated and being used less and less. 2. ImpactThe reaction from recording artists, record labels and other music industry players has been varied, but primarily anti-Napster. The first action to be taken against Napster was by the band Metallica. In April of this year, they sued Napster Inc for copyright infringement. The case was settled out of court when Napster agreed to ban some 300,000 users who had allegedly downloaded Metallica songs. Again in June Napster Inc was sued for copyright infringement by The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), a trade group representing the US recording industry, alleging Napster is†¦ enabling and encouraging the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted music. Napster claims that Audio Home Recording Act that permits copying of material for personal use, allows its uses to swap MP3s. Napster further claims immunity by defining the company as an ISP under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The RIAA unsuccessfully applied to have an injunction to stop Napsters operations until after the court case in September, so Napster will continue to operate until (and if) the court rules against Napster. Other artists and record labels (http://www.napster. com/speakout/artists.html and http://www.napster.com/speakout/labels. html) have responded to the advent of Napster and similar applications in a more positive way, embracing the new technology rather than rejecting it. On their website, the Offspring says MP3 technology and programs such as Napster a vital and necessary means to promote music and foster better relationships with our fans. Interestingly enough, the Offsprings last album, Americana, was made available online illegally before commercially released, yet it is the bands best-selling album to date. Furthermore, a number of surveys have proven that Napster users actually buy more CDs, after sampling the songs online (http://www. theregister.co Long Days Journey - Significance of Fog Essay Perhaps eventually sites like e-music.com will partner with all labels, including the bigger ones and will offer a better service (faster downloads, better quality files, more variety etc) than Napster can. However, the fact that over US$15 million has been invested in Napster Inc means that Napster will not die easily. If the RIAA is successful in its current lawsuit against the company, Napster will just change direction. A few solutions have been suggested. Probably the most practical and realistic alternative that has been suggested is that Napster Inc pays royalties to artists when their songs are downloaded, much like the radio pays artists when their songs are played. Another solution is that Napster could work with the music industry to distribute certain sample tracks to the public. These tracks could be distributed royalty-free as promotion for the album, or Napster could agree to pay royalties. Another solution being adopted by other similar information-sharing applications like Napster, Freenet and Gnutella is to make file transfers over the application anonymous. Adding to that, the fact that the central servers themselves do not have to contain any copyrighted files, tracking down users breaching copyright legislation will be incredibly difficult. 4. Pros and Cons of Possible SolutionsThe option of Napster paying royalties to artists whose songs are downloaded would be a positive move because it would mean that artists receive fair compensation for their work. However, on the other hand, to support the enormous cost of such a move, Napster would either have to turn into a paid subscription service, or show advertising (which wouldnt necessarily cover the costs). Added to this, the cost of modifying the application, and working out a way to determine what songs have been downloaded, the administration costs for Napster would skyrocket. The option of a cooperative effort with the music industry has the advantage of being totally legal and stopping all conflicts between Napster and the RIAA. However, such a model would mean a great reduction in the number of songs available and would eliminate the sharing aspect of the program. The advantage of the anonymous peer-to-peer model is that if no corporation, individual or other entity claims ownership, no one can be sued. And because no files are stored on the central server, no copyright is being infringed there. The disadvantage of this method, would be that Napster would still be breaking the law, and undoubtedly new legislation would be brought in and measures would be taken to stop the service. Furthermore, if Napster could not take credit officially for their software, then they could not profit from it (something they need to do, considering the investment in the company) 5. RecommendationsI believe that Napster is a valuable program and an indication of things to come. However, in its current state, it will have a very hard time remaining legal. I believe the only way Napster will survive will be to change its service (and it may in fact be forced to by the courts). I would suggest that Napster develops some system of paying royalties to artists whose songs are downloaded over their software. It is really the only practical way that Napster can continue and even though it will cost the company a lot to implement this system, it will mean that Napster will be safe from litigation by the music industry. It will mean that Napster users will no longer have to worry that they are breaking the law, and will encourage artists to embrace online distribution. I would recommend that Napster subsidises the cost of the royalty payments by showing advertising within the application (much like GetRight (http://www.getright. com/) and CuteFTP (http://www.cuteftp.com) do). This advertising could be used by advertisers to target music enthusiasts, meaning increased revenue for Napster. I believe that if the royalty option, subsidised by advertising is implemented, Napster will be able to continue safely and profitably. Social Issues

College Essay Samples - How to Use Them to Write Your Best Essay

College Essay Samples - How to Use Them to Write Your Best EssayAs you are looking for the best university essays for college classes, it is always good to know what are the best and easiest essays that you can write to prove yourself as a writer. To do so, you can get some UC Berkeley essay samples that will really help you with your writing.Even though these university essay samples are not always easy to write, they can still prove to be useful if you know how to get to a particular point in your paper. The key in writing any sort of essay is to have all the information that is necessary to make it informative. If you don't have it, you can easily look up the information you need on the internet and find it within a short time.UC Berkeley essay samples can really help you in doing this and if you read through them carefully, you will know where to go. You can use your own imagination and write an essay based on what you find. This is also known as using your creativity and the top ic of your essay. If you want to use your creativity and put forth what you believe is the most important part of your subject, then do this.It might not be your major or even the part of your college education, but you can certainly include aspects of your campus life in your paper. Since you are an adult, you are now responsible for what you write and how you present your views and thoughts to the reader.Writing a paper is also a form of debate. You should always try to have a debate with the reader. This should not only include discussing important points and issues in your essay, but it should also include taking the opinions of the reader into consideration. You should make the readers understand why they should respect you.It might sound difficult, but after reading some of the best college essays, you will surely understand how to make this happen. This is not about taking the opinions of the readers and making them respect you as a person, but it is more about making your re aders see why they should accept what you say.Whether you decide to use college essays samples or not, you can do so. However, you must not write anything that is not true.